Chronic Olfactory Paranold Syndromes:

Videbech, Th.

doi:10.1111/j.1600-0447.1966.tb01924.x

Cited by 37 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…Several hundred cases from around the world have been reported, including Europe, the U.S., Asia, the Middle East, and Africa. Between 1891 and 1966 multiple cases consistent with this syndrome appear in the literature [3, 7, 10–14]. Many of these were described as schizophrenia, although the clinical descriptions did not contain signs and symptoms sufficient to meet criteria.…”

Section: History Of the Classification Of Orsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Olfactory reference syndrome: issues for DSM-V

2010

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The published literature on olfactory reference syndrome (ORS) spans more than a century and provides consistent descriptions of its clinical features. The core symptom is preoccupation with the belief that one emits a foul or offensive body odor, which is not perceived by others. This syndrome is associated with substantial distress and disability. DSM-IV and ICD-10 do not explicitly mention ORS but note convictions about emitting a foul body odor in their description of delusional disorder, somatic type. However, the fact that such symptoms can be non-delusional poses a diagnostic conundrum. Indeed, DSM-IV also mentions fears about the offensiveness of one’s body odor in the social phobia text (as a symptom of taijin kyofusho). There also appears to be phenomenological overlap with body dysmorphic disorder, obsessive-compulsive disorder, and hypochondriasis. This paper provides a focused review of the literature to address issues for DSM-V, including whether ORS should continue to be mentioned as an example of another disorder or should be included as a separate diagnosis. We present a number of options and preliminary recommendations for consideration for DSM-V. Because research is still very limited, it is unclear how ORS should best be classified. Nonetheless, classifying ORS as a type of delusional disorder appears problematic. Given this syndrome’s consistent clinical description across cultures for more than a century, substantial morbidity, and a small but growing research literature, we make the preliminary recommendation that ORS be included in DSM-V’s Appendix of Criteria Sets Provided for Further Study, and we suggest diagnostic criteria.

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Section: History Of the Classification Of Orsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Olfactory reference syndrome: issues for DSM-V

2010

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“…[1][2][3][4] The term "olfactory reference syndrome" (ORS) has been introduced to differentiate primary olfactory concerns from those seen as a consequence of other disorders such as schizophrenia, depression or temporal lobe epilepsy. 2 Whether ORS truly is a unique disorder, or merely a part of the symptomatology of other psychiatric conditions, remains controversial.…”

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confidence: 99%

Olfactory reference syndrome: diagnostic criteria and differential diagnosis

Löchner¹,

Vythilingum²,

Stein³

2001

Prim Care Psych

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Abstract:Olfactory reference syndrome (ORS) has been defined as a psychiatric condition characterized by persistent preoccupation about body odour accompanied by shame, embarrassment, significant distress, avoidance behaviour and social isolation.ORS has however not been included in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (4th edition) (DSM-IV) and, given that its primary symptoms may be found in various other disorders, differential diagnosis can be problematic.Using an illustrative case of ORS, we propose diagnostic criteria for ORS. We also argue that ORS represents a unique cluster of symptoms that can be delineated as a separate diagnostic entity, and that ORS falls on a spectrum of social anxiety disorders that includes social anxiety disorder, taijin kyofusho, and body dysmorphic disorder. ( Psychiatric patients sometimes present with persistent olfactory concerns or preoccupation with personal odour.1-4 The term "olfactory reference syndrome" (ORS) has been introduced to differentiate primary olfactory concerns from those seen as a consequence of other disorders such as schizophrenia, depression or temporal lobe epilepsy.2 Whether ORS truly is a unique disorder, or merely a part of the symptomatology of other psychiatric conditions, remains controversial.5 ORS is not included in the DSM-IV 6 as a separate category. Arguably, the principal symptomatology of ORS has sufficient overlap with several established anxiety or somatic disorders that a new diagnostic category is not warranted. Conversely, although ORS may have phenomenological overlap with existing DSM-IV disorders, it has also been noted that most patients with primary ORS are young men without concurrent psychiatric disorders. 2In this paper we present a case study (a compilation of different patients with similar symptomatology) to illustrate the diagnostic process when olfactory concerns are prominent. Based on these considerations, diagnostic criteria for ORS are proposed, and other disorders that can be differentiated from ORS, are reviewed. Case HistoryA 22-year-old male who had a 'Western' cultural background, presented with the conviction that he had malodorous breath (halitosis) and a foul body odour emanating from his armpits, feet, and anal region. This persistent preoccupation had begun in early adolescence, but the intensity had increased significantly over the past 7 months.The halitosis complaint was presented as his main concern. In addi- Clomipramine (150 mg daily) prescribed for 12 weeks had little effect.After a dosage increase to 250 mg daily, the patient reported improvement in his preoccupation and that his depressive symptoms had decreased. Cognitive-behavioural therapy was attempted. Despite some progress, he expressed relief when his father advised him to get better "on his own" and he consequently terminated all psychotherapy within 4 weeks. Telephonic follow-up 3 months later revealed that the symptoms remained significantly improved.

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“…Failure has been reported with electroconvulsive therapy, hypoglycemic coma, many neuroleptics, and psychosurgery (Videbech, 1966). A number of authors have described limited success with psychotherapeutic techniques, including behavioral and psychodynamic psychotherapy (Beary & Cobb, 1981;Brosig, Kupfer, Niemeier, & Gieler, 2001;Marks & Mishan, 1988).…”

Section: Therese Mcgoldrickmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…Over the decades, there has been much discussion regarding the nosology and phenomenology of ORS, and it has been and it is explored in the literature under various terms, including bromidrosiphobia (Sutton, 1919), chronic olfactory paranoid syndrome (Videbech, 1966 ), monosymptomatic hypochondriasis (Bishop , 1980a), and monosymptomatic hypochondriacal psychosis (Munro, 1982). It has more recently been suggested that it may be a variant of obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) (with poor insight), thus lying on the continuum of the so-called obsessive-compulsive spectrum, which also includes body dysmorphic disorder, hypochondriasis, and pathological jealousy, all of which have been described as having both obsessional and delusional variants (Lochner & Stein , 2003).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

EMDR and Olfactory Reference Syndrome A Case Series

McGoldrick¹,

Begum²,

Brown³

2008

J EMDR Prac Res

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Olfactory reference syndrome (ORS) is an illness currently considered a delusional disorder under the DSM-IV criteria. Patients believe that they emit a foul odor, causing them great emotional distress and negative social consequences. Its etiology is inadequately understood, and there is generally a poor response to pharmacological and psychotherapeutic interventions. This article describes the treatment of four consecutive cases of ORS whose pathological symptoms had endured for 8-48 years. The administration of EMDR consisted of processing the various life experiences that appeared to cause and/or trigger the pathology. The EMDR sessions resulted in a complete resolution of symptoms in all four cases, which was maintained at follow-up. Given the rapid and sustained results, we offer a hypothesis based on the Adaptive Information Processing (AIP) model to explain the etiopathology and remission.

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Chronic Olfactory Paranold Syndromes:

Cited by 37 publications

References 17 publications

Olfactory reference syndrome: issues for DSM-V

Olfactory reference syndrome: issues for DSM-V

Olfactory reference syndrome: diagnostic criteria and differential diagnosis

EMDR and Olfactory Reference Syndrome A Case Series

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