Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD)

Ehrmann, Carolin; Fey, K.

doi:10.1093/med/9780199549146.001.0001

Cited by 3 publications

(2 citation statements)

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“…Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is an umbrella term used to describe chronic lung disease associated with airway obstruction. According to the World Health Organization, 251 million cases of COPD have been reported in the year 2016, out of which 3.17 million people faced death [64]. Cigarette smoking and outdoor air pollution developed an abnormal inflammatory response to lung tissue which leads to the development of COPD.…”

Section: Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (Copd)mentioning

confidence: 99%

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VEGF and FGF-2: Promising targets for the treatment of respiratory disorders

Laddha

Kulkarni

2019

Respiratory Medicine

124

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The endothelial cells play a crucial role in the progression of angiogenesis, which causes cell re-modulation, proliferation, adhesion, migration, invasion and survival. Angiogenic factors like cytokines, cell adhesion molecules, growth factors, vasoactive peptides, proteolytic enzymes (metalloproteinases) and plasminogen activators bind to their receptors on endothelial cells and activate the signal transduction pathways like epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase and (PI3K)/AKT/mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) which initiate the process of angiogenesis.Cytokines that stimulate angiogenesis include direct and indirect proangiogenic markers. The direct proangiogenic group of markers consists of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), basic fibroblast growth factor (FGF-2) and hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) whereas the indirect proangiogenic markers include transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-β), interleukin 6 (IL-6), interleukin 8 (IL-8) and platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF).VEGF and FGF-2 are the strongest activators of angiogenesis which stimulate migration and proliferation of endothelial cells in existing vessels to generate and stabilize new blood vessels. VEGF is released in hypoxic conditions as an effect of the hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF-1α) and causes re-modulation and inflammation of bronchi cell. Cell re-modulation and inflammation leads to the development of various lung disorders like pulmonary hypertension, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, asthma, fibrosis and lung cancer.This indicates that there is a firm link between overexpression of VEGF and FGF-2 with lung disorders. Various natural and synthetic drugs are available for reducing the overexpression of VEGF and FGF-2 which can be helpful in treating lung disorders. Researchers are still searching for new angiogenic inhibitors which can be helpful in the treatment of lung disorders.The present review emphasizes on molecular mechanisms and new drug discovery focused on VEGF and FGF-2 inhibitors and their role as anti-angiogenetic agents in lung disorders.

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Section: Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (Copd)mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Lung cancer mainly starts from bronchi, it invades nearby tissue and spread throughout the body. According to a recent report by WHO, 2.09 million reports of lung cancer were found in the year 2018 out of which 1.76 million people face death [64].…”

Section: Lung Cancermentioning

confidence: 99%

VEGF and FGF-2: Promising targets for the treatment of respiratory disorders

Laddha

Kulkarni

2019

Respiratory Medicine

124

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Managing chronic obstructive pulmonary disease in the community setting

Higginson

Parry

2018

Br J Community Nurs

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Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is an umbrella term used to describe respiratory diseases characterised by airway obstruction. COPD is now an established and significant chronic disease, killing over 30 000 people in the UK every year. According to the World Health Organization, COPD will become the third biggest killer in the world by 2020. The financial and human cost of the disease is huge. To appreciate the pathophysiology of obstructive pulmonary diseases, it is first necessary to understand a number of important lung concepts. This article discusses the pathophysiology of COPD, highlighting the main mechanisms involved, provides an outline of the associated signs, symptoms and treatment of COPD and explore how health care professionals in the community/residential care settings can help manage and improve the quality of life for patients with COPD.

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COPD: pathophysiology and treatment

Higginson

2010

Nurse Prescribing

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Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is an umbrella term used to describe respiratory diseases characterized by airway obstruction. COPD is now an established and signifi cant chronic disease, killing over 30 000 people in the UK every year. According to the World Health Organization, COPD will become the third biggest killer in the world by 2020. The financial and human cost of the disease is huge. To appreciate the pathophysiology of obstructive pulmonary diseases, it is first necessary to understand a number of important lung concepts. This article discusses the pathophysiology of three main obstructive airway diseases, providing an outline of the associated signs, symptoms and treatment of each.

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Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD)

Cited by 3 publications

References 0 publications

VEGF and FGF-2: Promising targets for the treatment of respiratory disorders

VEGF and FGF-2: Promising targets for the treatment of respiratory disorders

Managing chronic obstructive pulmonary disease in the community setting

COPD: pathophysiology and treatment

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