Chronic Liver Disease and Silymarin: A Biochemical and Clinical Review

Tighe, Sean; Akhtar, Daud; Iqbal, Umair; Ahmed, Aijaz

doi:10.14218/jcth.2020.00012

Cited by 47 publications

(31 citation statements)

References 39 publications

(43 reference statements)

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“…It has been widely used as a reference drug in the screening of hepatoprotective potential of new drugs. Silymarin has shown anti-oxidant, anti-lipid peroxidative, anti-fibrotic, anti-inflammatory, immunomodulating and hepatocytes redeveloping properties ( Tighe et al, 2020 , Khalil et al, 2021 ). Silymarin defend rat’s liver compared to TAA-produced hepatotoxicity in experimental animals ( Abood et al, 2020 , da Silva et al, 2021 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hepatoprotective effects of methanolic extract of green tea against Thioacetamide-Induced liver injury in Sprague Dawley rats

Shareef

Ibrahim

Alzahrani

et al. 2022

Saudi Journal of Biological Sciences

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Ethnopharmacological relevance Since ancient times, herbal medicines have been applied in the treatment of cancer. Tea, derivative from the dried leaves of Camellia sinensis (L.) Kuntze plant is the most popular beverage globally after water and is available in various forms. Green tea has been expansively investigated for its beneficial properties of cancer prevention and therapy. The goal of the research: The current study was conducted to evaluate the hepaprotective character of methanolic green tea extract and its mechanism of action contrary to thioacetamide (TAA)-produced liver fibrosis of Sprague Dawley rats. Materials and Methods Thirty rodents were equally placed in 5 clusters including normal control, TAA group as a positive control, silymarin as standard drug control, and treatment groups consisting of high dose and a low dose Camellia sinensis. Rats in experimental clusters by mouth fed with C. sinensis at 250 mg/kg or 500 mg/kg daily for 2 months. After 60 days, all rats were sacrificed. Blood specimens were gathered for liver biochemical examination. Livers of all groups were dissected out and subjected to histopathological examination through the Hematoxylin and Eosin stain, Masson trichrome, and immunohistochemistry stains (PCNA). Liver tissue homogenate was also analyzed for antioxidant activity parameters. Results Gross morphological examination showed a regular liver architecture in C. sinensis fed collections compared to the TAA sets. Histology of rat’s liver fed with C. sinensis showed an important decrease in the liver index with hepatic cells propagation, mild cellular injury, and immunostaining showed significant down-expression of proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA). TAA produced liver fibrosis through a significant increase in serum alanine transferase, aspartate aminotransferase, alkaline phosphatase, and bilirubin. Total protein and albumin also decreased in the TAA group. Moreover, the reduction of antioxidant enzyme activity including superoxide dismutase and catalase as well as the increase in malondialdehyde was detected in the TAA control group. Meanwhile, an abnormal level of liver biochemical parameters was restored closer to the normal levels in serum of the C. sinensis-fed clusters. In addition, C. sinensis fed assemblies showed elevated antioxidative enzymes activity with a reduction in malondialdehyde level comparable to the levels in silymarin-treated rats. Conclusions Green tea potentially inhibited the progression of liver cirrhosis, down -regulation of PCNA proliferation, prevented oxidation of hepatocytes, recovered SOD and CAT enzymes, condensed MDA and reduced cellular inflammation.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hepatoprotective effects of methanolic extract of green tea against Thioacetamide-Induced liver injury in Sprague Dawley rats

Shareef

Ibrahim

Alzahrani

et al. 2022

Saudi Journal of Biological Sciences

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“…Silymarin, which is a complex mixture of flavonolignan isomers, namely, silybin, isosilybin, silydianin, and silychristin, from Silybum marianum (milk thistle), has been proved to be effective in treating liver diseases including NAFLD. Silymarin has been widely used in the treatment of acute or chronic hepatitis ( Tighe et al, 2020 ). Baicalein is also a natural flavonoid extracted from plants.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Multi-Omics Reveals Inhibitory Effect of Baicalein on Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease in Mice

Zhao

et al. 2022

Front. Pharmacol.

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Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is the most common chronic liver disease, whose etiology is poorly understood. Accumulating evidence indicates that gut microbiota plays an important role in the occurrence and progression of various human diseases, including NAFLD. In this study, NAFLD mouse models were established by feeding a high-fat diet (HFD). Baicalein, a natural flavonoid with multiple biological activities, was administered by gavage, and its protective effect on NAFLD was analyzed by histopathological and blood factor analysis. Gut microbiota analysis demonstrated that baicalein could remodel the overall structure of the gut microbiota from NAFLD model mice, especially Anaerotruncus, Lachnoclostridium, and Mucispirillum. Transcriptomic analysis showed baicalein restored the expressions of numerous genes that were upregulated in hepatocytes of NAFLD mice, such as Apoa4, Pla2g12a, Elovl7, Slc27a4, Hilpda, Fabp4, Vldlr, Gpld1, and Apom. Metabolomics analysis proved that baicalein mainly regulated the processes associated with lipid metabolism, such as alpha-Linolenic acid, 2-Oxocarboxylic acid, Pantothenate and CoA biosynthesis, and bile secretion. Multi-omics analysis revealed that numerous genes regulated by baicalein were significantly correlated with pathways related to lipid metabolism and biosynthesis and secrection of bile acid, and baicalein might affect lipid metabolism in liver via regulating the ecological structure of gut microbiota in NAFLD mice. Our results elucidated the correlated network among diet, gut microbiota, metabolomic, and transcriptional profiling in the liver. This knowledge may help explore novel therapeutic approaches against NAFLD.

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“…Silymarin consists of many flavonolignan isomers (65-80%) with small quantities of fatty acids and flavonoids (20-35%) as well as other polyphenolic compounds. Clinically, silymarin exhibits its hepatoprotective impacts via anti-inflammatory, antioxidative, antitoxin, anti fibrotic and anticancerous mechanisms of action (36,37) . Our current study also demon strated that a significant reduction in co-treated with silymarin and that ZnONPs-induced particles caused elevation in the hepatic enzyme levels, resulting in liver function improvement, which might be attributed to the existence of chemical components in the extract, and the anti-hepatotoxic impact of SLM.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Toxicopathological Effects of Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles on the Liver Function and Preventive Role of Silymarin In vivo

Ozdan Akram Ghareeb

2021

Indian Journal of Forensic Medicine & Toxicology

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The zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnONPs) are used in cosmetics and skincare products, and as drug delivery systems. Because of their natural and therapeutic dangers, high attention was given to the toxicity of nanoparticles. This experiment was designed to study the pathological influences of ZnONPs on the liver function parameters of rats, and to explore the protective action of Silymarin (SIL) against liver function disturbances of rats induced by ZnONPs. In our study, ( 24) albino rats were divided into (4) groups, ( 6) rats for each and used. The control animals included rats without treatment, while the ZnONPs group rats received 50 mg/kg of ZnONPs for 28 days. In the ZnONPs+SIL group, rats were co-administered with a combination of ZnONPs at a 50mg/kg dose with SIL at a 100 mg/kg dose for 28 days. The SIL group animals were treated with 100 mg/kg of SIL for 28 days. All the animals were sacrificed and blood samples were obtained by cardiac puncture in the end of the experiments. The levels of biochemical parameters (hepatic enzymes) including alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) were measured to detect liver function disorders. The results revealed that ZnONPs induced a significant increase in plasma enzyme activity in comparison to the control group (p<0.05). Cotreatment of SIL significantly reduced levels of these enzyme activities. Based on these results, it can be said that Silymarin effectively protects against ZnONPs induced liver function disorders in rats.

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Chronic Liver Disease and Silymarin: A Biochemical and Clinical Review

Cited by 47 publications

References 39 publications

Hepatoprotective effects of methanolic extract of green tea against Thioacetamide-Induced liver injury in Sprague Dawley rats

Hepatoprotective effects of methanolic extract of green tea against Thioacetamide-Induced liver injury in Sprague Dawley rats

Multi-Omics Reveals Inhibitory Effect of Baicalein on Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease in Mice

Toxicopathological Effects of Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles on the Liver Function and Preventive Role of Silymarin In vivo

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