Chronic kidney disease – pediatric risk factors

Tasić, Velibor; Janchevska, Aleksandra; Emini, Nora; Sahpazova, Emilija; Gucev, Zoran; Polenakovič, Momir

doi:10.1515/prilozi-2016-0003

Cited by 10 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…As pointed out by Ahn et al, it is very important as the number of children with CKD is constantly increasing and they develop multiple comorbid conditions such as growth failure, developmental and neurocognitive defects, and impaired cardiovascular health [ 16 ]. Moreover, the number of risk factors, such as prematurity or low birth weight, obesity, smoking, hyperuricemia, acute kidney injury, contributing to the development of CKD is increasing [ 16 , 17 ]. The prevalence of pediatric CRF in Lithuania was analyzed for the first time in 1997 [ 6 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Epidemiology of Chronic Kidney Disease in Children: A Report from Lithuania

et al. 2021

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Background and Objectives: The data on the prevalence of chronic kidney disease (CKD) in the pediatric population are limited. The prevalence of CKD ranges from 56 to 74.7 cases per million of the age-related population (pmarp). The most common cause of CKD among children is congenital anomalies of the kidney and urinary tract (CAKUT). With progressing CKD, various complications occur, and end-stage renal disease (ESRD) can develop. The aim of the study was to determine the causes, stage, prevalence, and clinical signs of CKD and demand for RRT (renal replacement therapy) among Lithuanian children in 2017 and to compare the epidemiological data of CKD with the data of 1997 and 2006. Materials and Methods: The data of 172 Lithuanian children who had a diagnosis of CKD (stage 2–5) in 1997 (n = 41), in 2006 (n = 65), and in 2017 (n = 66) were retrospectively analyzed. Physical development and clinical signs of children who had CKD (stage 2–5) in 2017 were assessed. Results: The prevalence of CKD stages 2–5 was 48.0 pmarp in 1997; 88.7 in 2006; and 132.1 in 2017 (p < 0.01). Congenital and hereditary diseases of the kidney in 1997 accounted for 66% of all CKD causes; in 2006, for 70%; and in 2017, for 79%. In 2017, children with CKD stages 4 or 5 (except transplanted children) had hypertension (87.5%) and anemia (50%) (p < 0.01). Children under ≤2 years with CKD were at a 3-fold greater risk of having elevated blood pressure (OR = 3.375, 95% CI: 1.186–9.904). Conclusions: There was no change in the number of children with CKD in Lithuania; however, the prevalence of CKD increased due to reduced pediatric population. CAKUT remains the main cause of CKD at all time periods. Among children with CKD stages 4 or 5, there were more children with hypertension and anemia. In children who were diagnosed with CKD at an early age hypertension developed at a younger age.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Epidemiology of Chronic Kidney Disease in Children: A Report from Lithuania

et al. 2021

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“…The homeostasis of uric acid is maintained primarily by hepatic metabolism, and the excretion of redundant uric acid occurs through urine and faeces. 1 The physiological saturation threshold of uric acid to monosodium urate (MSU) is 6.8 mg dl −1 (360 μmol L −1 ), and serum urate levels that exceed this limit are indicators of hyperuricemia. 2 Except for acute gout, hyperuricemia shows no symptoms and is a stable condition termed asymptomatic hyperuricemia.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The potential of probiotics in the amelioration of hyperuricemia

Zhao

2022

Food Funct.

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“…Smoking is a major risk factor in progression of chronic kidney diseases (20) in the pediatric population (21). A major component of cigarette smoke is NIC (2), which connects smoking to renal injury via inducing oxidative stress (3).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Although the role of active smoking in renal risk is recognized, the role of second-hand smoke is overlooked (21). Experimental studies showed that rats exposed to passive smoking not only develop renal oxidative stress and fibrosis (24) but are also more sensitive to oxidative stress and related fibrosis caused by other environmental pollutants (24).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Age-dependent sensitivity of the mouse kidney to chronic nicotine exposure

2017

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BackgroundMany adolescents are exposed to nicotine via smoking, e-cigarette use, or second-hand smoke. Nicotine-induced renal oxidative stress and its long-term consequences may be higher in adolescents than in adults because of intrinsic factors in the adolescent kidney.MethodsAdolescent and adult male C57Bl/6J mice were subjected to 2 or 200 μg/ml nicotine, which closely emulates passive or active smoking, respectively, for 4 weeks. Extent of nicotine exposure (cotinine content), oxidative stress (HNE), renal function (creatinine), tubular injury (KIM-1), and pretreatment renal levels of select pro-oxidant (p66shc) and antioxidant (Nrf2/MnSOD) genes were determined. Impact of p66shc overexpression or Nrf2/MnSOD knockdown on low-/high-dose nicotine-induced oxidative stress was determined in cultured renal proximal tubule cells.ResultsDespite similar plasma/renal cotinine levels, renal HNE and KIM-1 contents were higher in adolescents compared with those in adults, whereas renal function was unaltered after passive or active smoking-equivalent nicotine exposure. Pretreatment levels of p66shc were higher, whereas Nrf2/MnSOD levels were lower in the adolescent kidney. In agreement with this, overexpression of p66shc or knockdown of Nrf2/MnSOD augmented nicotine-induced ROS production in renal proximal tubule cells.ConclusionChronic nicotine exposure incites higher oxidative stress in the adolescent than in adult kidney because of a pre-existent pro-oxidant milieu.

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Chronic kidney disease – pediatric risk factors

Cited by 10 publications

References 26 publications

Epidemiology of Chronic Kidney Disease in Children: A Report from Lithuania

Epidemiology of Chronic Kidney Disease in Children: A Report from Lithuania

The potential of probiotics in the amelioration of hyperuricemia

Age-dependent sensitivity of the mouse kidney to chronic nicotine exposure

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