Chronic Inflammatory Cells with Epithelial Cell Characteristics in Teleost Fishes

Noga, Edward J.; Dykstra, Michael J.; Wright, Jeff

doi:10.1177/030098588902600508

Cited by 51 publications

(53 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…Desmosomes are generally considered to be characteristic of true epithelial or mesothelial cells (Ghadially 1988), although desmosome-like structures have been observed between histiocytes in certain human dermatopathies, as well as rat carageenan granuloma (Caputo & Gianotti 1979, Monis & Valentich 1986. Noga et al (1989) also observed the presence of desmosomes in piscine granulomatous inflammation, and postulated that either (1) the capacity of macrophages to elaborate desmosomes is a primitive characteristic that has been lost in avian and mammalian orders, or (2) the cells involved in certain types of piscine inflammation derive from a nonmacrophage lineage (i.e. mesothelial cells).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ultrastructure of Mycobacterium marinum granuloma in striped bass Morone saxatilis

Gauthier

Vogelbein²,

Ottinger³

2004

Dis. Aquat. Org.

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An emerging epizootic of mycobacteriosis currently threatens striped bass Morone saxatilis populations in Chesapeake Bay, USA. Several species of mycobacteria, including Mycobacterium marinum, species resembling M. avium, M. gordonae, M. peregrinum, M. scrofulaceum and M. terrae, and the new species M. shottsii have been isolated from diseased and healthy bass. In this study, we describe the ultrastructure of developing M. marinum granulomas in experimentally infected bass over a period of 45 wk. The primary host response to injected mycobacteria was formation of large macrophage aggregations containing phagocytosed bacilli. M. marinum were always contained within phagosomes. Close association of lysosomes with mycobacterial phagosomes, as well as the presence of electron-opaque material within phagosomes, suggested phagolysosomal fusion. Development of granulomas involved epithelioid transformation of macrophages, followed by appearance of central necrosis. Desmosomes were present between mature epithelioid cells. The necrotic core region of M. marinum granulomas was separated from overlying epithelioid cells by several layers of flattened, electron-opaque spindle-shaped cells. These cells appeared to be formed by compression of epithelioid cells and, aside from a flattened nucleus, did not possess recognizable organelles. Following the development of well-defined, paucibacillary granulomas, secondary disease was observed. Recrudescence was marked by bacterial replication followed by disruption of granuloma architecture, including loss of epithelioid and spindle cell layers. In advanced recrudescent lesions, normal tissue was replaced by macrophages, fibroblasts, and other inflammatory leukocytes. Large numbers of mycobacteria were observed, both intracellular and suspended in cellular debris. KEY WORDS: Mycobacteriosis · Striped bass · Morone saxatilis · Mycobacterium marinum · Granuloma · Ultrastructure Resale or republication not permitted without written consent of the publisherDis Aquat Org 62: [121][122][123][124][125][126][127][128][129][130][131][132] 2004 body granulomas are composed of a solid mass of epithelioid cells and giant cells, with the eliciting agent often visible in the center. The other major granuloma type, the immune granuloma, is formed in response to insoluble particles that stimulate a cell-mediated immune response, such as mycobacteria. Cytokines produced by T cells, such as IL-12 and interferon-γ, play an important role in formation and maintenance of immune granulomas (Cooper et al. 1993, Ehlers et al. 2000. A prominent feature of immune granulomas produced by mycobacteria such as Mycobacterium tuberculosis is caseous necrosis in the lesion core, which produces a highly acidic, anoxic environment that may serve to degrade otherwise refractory bacilli.The structure and development of mycobacterial granulomas in mammals, especially those produced in response to Mycobacterium tuberculosis and BCG (attenuated M. bovis), have been described (Papadimitriou & Spector 1972, Ad...

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ultrastructure of Mycobacterium marinum granuloma in striped bass Morone saxatilis

Gauthier

Vogelbein²,

Ottinger³

2004

Dis. Aquat. Org.

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“…Observations of this disease among moray eels in the wild (Ray Davis, personal communication) indicate that this disease is neither an artifact of captivity nor just a husbandry problem for aquaria, and the importance of this disease to wild populations of moray eels merits further investigation. Granulomatous inflammatory lesions in fish have been reported to occur in association with infection by higher bacteria, fungi, and algae, and as reactions to foreign bodies (11,18,23). In one aquarium facility, similar granulomatous skin lesions among captive green moray eels were attributed to fiberglass components of the exhibit's artificial reef structure (9).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Granulomatous Skin Lesions in Moray Eels Caused by a NovelMycobacteriumSpecies Related toMycobacterium triplex

et al. 2001

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An outbreak of granulomatous dermatitis was investigated in a captive population of moray eels. The affected eels had florid skin nodules concentrated around the head and trunk. Histopathological examination revealed extensive granulomatous inflammation within the dermis and subcutaneous fascial plane between the fat and axial musculature. Acid-fast rods were detected within the smallest lesions, which were presumably the ones that had developed earliest. Eventually, after several months of incubation at room temperature, a very slowly growing acid-fast organism was isolated. Sequencing of the 16S rRNA gene identified it as a Mycobacterium species closely related (0.59% divergence) to M. triplex, an SAV mycobacterium. Intradermal inoculation of healthy green moray eels with this organism reliably reproduced the lesion. Experimentally induced granulomatous dermatitis appeared within 2 weeks of inoculation and slowly but progressively expanded during the 2 months of the experiment. Live organisms were recovered from these lesions at all time points, fulfilling Koch's postulates for this bacterium. In a retrospective study of tissues collected between 1993 and 1999 from five spontaneous disease cases, acid-fast rods were consistently found within lesions, and a nested PCR for the rRNA gene also demonstrated the presence of mycobacteria within affected tissues.Cases of proliferative skin disease have occurred sporadically and persistently within captive exhibit populations of moray eels across the country (Ray Davis, personal communication). Typically, affected eels have florid, soft, gelatinous grey-and tan-colored masses at various locations on the body surface and within the oral and nasal cavities. In this study, a disease outbreak that has been ongoing in an exhibit since it opened in 1992 was investigated. The exhibit consists of a 226,000-gallon synthetic seawater habitat with fiberglass-reinforced concrete and plastic (urethane) structural elements designed to reproduce a coral reef habitat. The exhibit initially contained approximately 500 green moray (Gymnothorax funebris) and spotted moray (Gymnothorax moringa) eels. Cases were first observed during the collection and quarantine of wild moray eels caught near the Florida Keys, from October 1991 through June 1992, prior to the exhibit's opening. No animals with detectable lesions were collected, nor were any put on display. Even so, clinical cases began to develop in the exhibit shortly after opening. This paper summarizes histopathologic and microbiologic data from a series of cases and reports the association of acid-fast bacteria with ulcerative granulomatous dermatitis, the isolation of a novel Mycobacterium species, and the fulfillment of Koch's postulates for this organism. MATERIALS AND METHODS Source of animals.Captive specimens were obtained from among eels housed in the exhibit under study. Two green moray eels were selected for complete necropsy and diagnostic evaluation because they had several small (diameter, Ͻ10 mm) lesions. These small lesi...

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“…They have also been encountered in the liver, pancreas and peritoneal serosa of minnows Phoxinus phoxinus (L.), infected with the larvae of the nematode Raphidascaris acus Bloch, 1779 (Dezfuli et al 2000). With reference to the presence of epithelioid cells in the capsule, Noga et al (1989) suggested that piscine epithelioid cells may represent an alternative type of epithelial inflammatory cell. These cells were also noted in the infected tissues of P. phoxinus (Dezfuli et al 2000).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Histopathology, ultrastructure and immunohistochemistry of Coregonus lavaretus hearts naturally infected with Ichthyocotylurus erraticus (Trematoda)

Dezfuli¹,

Giari²,

Simoni³

et al. 2005

Dis. Aquat. Org.

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Histopathological, ultrastructural and immunohistochemical investigations were conducted on 26 specimens of powan Coregonus lavaretus (L.) from Loch Lomond (Scotland). The hearts of all 26 powan (15 females and 11 males) investigated harboured metacercariae of the digenean trematode Ichthyocotylurus erraticus (Rudolphi, 1809). The vast majority of metacercariae were located either singly or as an aggregation of white cysts on the surface of the bulbus arteriosus. The intensity of infection ranged from 2 to 200 larvae heart -1 , although the number of metacercariae found on male powan did not exceed 13. Histochemically, the parasite cyst wall gave a strong positive reaction with periodic acid schiff (PAS) and a faint positive signal with Azan-Mallory stain. All the metacercariae cysts were embedded in a granulomatous proliferation of heart epicardium tissue, forming a reactive fibroconnective capsule around the parasite. The capsule enclosing the parasite (produced by the host's reaction to the parasite) measured 13.57 to 90.20 µm (37.43 ± 3.56) in thickness. Within the capsule wall, eosinophilic granular cells (EGCs), granulocytes, melanocytes and, in some instances, partially degenerated or vacuolated epithelioid cells were observed in close proximity to the cyst wall. Pigment-bearing macrophages were scattered throughout the granulomatous host-tissue reaction and as macrophage aggregates (MAs) within the capsules surrounding parasites. Immunohistochemical tests were applied to infected heart sections using 12 different antisera. Nerve fibres immunoreactive to bombesin, substance P (SP), and atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) antisera were observed in close proximity to the parasite larvae. The presence of a serotonin-like substance was also observed within host immune-cells surrounding trematode cysts. Large cells of the epicardium were found to be immunoreactive to met-enkephalin and vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) antisera but not immunoreactive to anti-protein gene-product 9.5 (PGP9.5) sera. KEY WORDS: Trematode infection · Immunohistochemistry · Neuromodulators · Heart · Coregonus lavaretusResale or republication not permitted without written consent of the publisher

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Chronic Inflammatory Cells with Epithelial Cell Characteristics in Teleost Fishes

Cited by 51 publications

References 11 publications

Ultrastructure of Mycobacterium marinum granuloma in striped bass Morone saxatilis

Ultrastructure of Mycobacterium marinum granuloma in striped bass Morone saxatilis

Granulomatous Skin Lesions in Moray Eels Caused by a NovelMycobacteriumSpecies Related toMycobacterium triplex

Histopathology, ultrastructure and immunohistochemistry of Coregonus lavaretus hearts naturally infected with Ichthyocotylurus erraticus (Trematoda)

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