Chronic Inflammation and Blood Cancer

Abstract

Chronic inflammation may have a detrimental impact on human health as it tends to result in cancer. In addition, it is often linked to different steps that participate in tumorigenesis, including cellular transformation, survival, promotion, invasion, proliferation, angiogenesis, and metastasis. Hence, inflammation predisposes cancer development and plays a vital role in promoting all tumorigenesis stages. Inflammation is caused by many factors, such as bacterial and viral infections, tobacco smoking, autoimmune diseases, obesity, asbestos exposure, and many others, increasing cancer risk. Moreover, cancer can be enhanced by mutations that proceed to cancer progression. Consequently, it leads to immunosuppression and provides a favorable background for tumor development. Although many studies address the question of relationships between inflammation and cancer development, little attention is paid to the link between inflammation and blood cancer. Therefore, the current study reviews the role of inflammation in cancer development, particularly in blood cancer. A meta-analysis research approach meets the research objective and answers the research question. The review results indicate that chronic inflammation directly relates to the development of many cancer types, blood cancer in particular.

Cancer Patients' Quality of Life

“…These may have a limited scope. The opinion of patients is only covered explicitly in the investigations of Spitzer et al (44). Most investigators also pay attention to other types of validity.…”

“…Several relations between the construct and the instrument under study and other constructs and instruments may be seen as indicators of construct validity. For example, Spitzer et al [44) use the expected correlation between two instruments that presume to measure the same construct: QL as an indicator of validity (convergent). The term construct validity and related indices are not always used in a transparent way because expectations are seldom made explicit in the reviewed studies [51 1.…”

How friendly is the link between inflammation and cancer for cancer patients?

“…Various growth factors for cancer cells can activate STAT3, including IL-6 and EGF. Constitutively active STAT3 has been reported in multiple myeloma [29], chronic lymphocytic leukemia [30], gastric cancer [31], lung cancer [32], and laryngeal carcinoma [33].Itsconstitutiveactivityhasbeencorrelated withunfavorabletreatmentoutcomeinacutemyelogenous leukemia [34]: constitutive STAT3 activity was detected in samples from 44% of patients. Disease-free survival (DFS) was significantly shorter in patients with constitutive STAT3 activity (median 8.7 months versus 20.6 months), although overall survival did not differ significantly.…”

Depression Prevalence in Cancer Patient

“…Lifetime rates of depression in patients with neurological conditions range from 30% to 50% (Table 1) (13). In contrast to neurological disease, prevalence rates of depression in patients with other medical or systemic illnesses show a variable picture, with the highest rates observed with endocrine disturbances such as Cushing's disease and surprisingly low rates documented in end-stage renal disease (Table 2) (13).…”