Chronic ethanol increases calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinaseIIδ gene expression and decreases monoamine oxidase amount in rat heart muscles: Rescue effect of Zingiber officinale (ginger) extract

Abstract

Objective:Association between chronic alcohol intake and cardiac abnormality is well known; however, the precise underlying molecular mediators involved in ethanol-induced heart abnormalities remain elusive. This study investigated the effect of chronic ethanol exposure on calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase IIδ (CaMKIIδ) gene expression and monoamine oxidase (MAO) levels and histological changes in rat heart. It was also planned to find out whether Zingiber officinale (ginger) extract mitigated the abnormalities induced by ethanol in rat heart.Methods:Male wistar rats were divided into three groups of eight animals each: control, ethanol, and ginger extract treated-ethanol (GETE) groups.Results:After 6 weeks of treatment, the results revealed a significant increase in CaMKIIδtotal and isoforms δ2 and δ3 of CaMKIIδ gene expression as well as a significant decrease in the MAO levels in the ethanol group compared to that in the control group. Moreover, compared to the control group, the ethanol group showed histological changes, such as fibrosis, heart muscle cells proliferation, myocyte hypertrophy, vacuolization, and focal lymphocytic infiltration. Consumption of ginger extract along with ethanol ameliorated CaMKIIδtotal. In addition, compared to the ethanol group, isoforms gene expression changed and increased the reduced MAO levels and mitigated heart structural changes.Conclusion:These findings indicate that ethanol-induced heart abnormalities may, in part, be associated with Ca2+ homeostasis changes mediated by overexpression of CaMKIIδ gene and the decrease of MAO levels and that these effects can be alleviated by using ginger extract as an antioxidant and anti-inflammatory agent.

Protective effects of tropisetron on diabetes-induced cardiomyopathy and apoptosis in the left ventricle of rats

“…Our recent works and several others indicated that the overexpression of the predominant cardiac isoforms of CaMK including CaMKIIδ1 and CaMKIIδ2 is one of the hallmarks of molecular alteration that induces myocardial hypertrophy and heart failure (18)(19)(20)(21). In addition, the association between CaMKIIδ isoforms expression alteration and shifts in cardiac function has been reported in pathologic conditions such as dilated cardiomyopathy, myocardial infarction, arrhythmia, and heart failure upon injuries such as pressure overload and ischemia-reperfusion (22)(23)(24).…”

“…Total RNA was extracted using an extraction kit (Gene All, South Korea), according to the manufacturer's protocol. The real-time quantification of the target genes was carried out as described previously in our earlier study (17,18). Reverse transcriptase (RT) was presented using Hyperscript™ Reverse Transcriptase (Gene All, South Korea).…”

Alcohol Intake and Alcohol–SNP Interactions Associated with Prostate Cancer Aggressiveness

“…In addition, one CAMK2D genetic variant (rs3815072) is significantly associated with pathological gambling [ 35 ]. CAMK2D is also overexpressed with ethanol exposure in rats [ 36 ]. In addition, gene expression of CAMK2D, enriched in the cell cycle and the calcium signaling pathway, is associated with PCa metastasis [ 37 ].…”

Zingiber officinale Rosc. in the Treatment of Metabolic Syndrome Disorders—A Review of In Vivo Studies

“…Long-term alcohol exposure can lead to histopathologic changes in different organs [ 67 ]. In the lungs, there are alterations such as the enlargement and destruction of the air spaces, focal infiltration of the polymorphonuclear cells, an increase in the pneumocytes in the alveolar walls and fibrosis with damage to the lung structure, which was observed during experiments on rats.…”