Chronic Canine Distemper Virus Encephalitis in Mature Dogs

Vandevelde, M.; Kristensen, B.; Braund, K. G.; Greene, Craig E.; Swango, L J; Hoerlein, B. F.

doi:10.1177/030098588001700102

Cited by 43 publications

(37 citation statements)

References 11 publications

(7 reference statements)

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…Nevertheless, in one case (n o 03) myoclonus was observed during clinical evolution on 22 th day after the beginning of the neurological deficits. In agreement to the literature (VANDEVELDE et al, 1980;SHELL, 1990;BRAUND, 1994;VITE, 2005), cortical and subcortical signs (seizures, compulsive walking, and behavioral changes) were not features of this syndrome and affected animals maintained a normal mental status during the clinical following up.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 90%

“…All the signs of localization in the brainstem reflected central vestibular disease manifested as deficits of the 8 th cranial nerve. Myoclonic movements are usually not observed with MDEMD, although head tremors may be seen (VANDEVELDE et al, 1980;VITE, 2005). Nevertheless, in one case (n o 03) myoclonus was observed during clinical evolution on 22 th day after the beginning of the neurological deficits.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 90%

“…Often these signs progress to spastic tetraparesis/plegia (VANDEVELDE et al, 1980;SHELL, 1990;BRAUND, 1994). In 4 (n o 01, 03, 05, and 08) out of 6 cases of MDEMD herein presented these initial neurological presentation was recorded, and in 5 cases (n o 01, 03, 05, 06, and 08) the neurological condition progressed to tetraparesis/plegia in a recumbent form.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The approach by clinical syndromes of CDV encephalomyelitis was carried out regarding previously established criteria (HARTLEY, 1974;VANDEVELDE et al, 1980;CORNWELL et al, 1988;HIGGINS;CHILD;VANDEVELDE, 1989;SHELL, 1990;BRAUND, 1994;VITE, 2005).…”

Section: Animals and Inclusion And Diagnostic Criteriamentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Clinical syndromes of CDV infection has been cited in classical textbook (BRAUND, 1994;CUMMINGS;DELAHUNTA, 1995;VITE, 2005) and review articles (SHELL, 1990; AMUDE; ALFIERI; ALFIERI, 2006b), however, there are only one multiple dog study (VANDEVELDE et al, 1980) that categorize nervous distemper in clinical syndromes of CDV infection. Thus, the approach by clinical syndromes of CDV encephalomyelitis has not been currently performed, although neuroclinical aspects of distemper have been evaluated (THOMAS;SORJONEN;STEISS, 1993;TIPOLD et al, 1994;TIPOLD, 1995;SILVA et al, 2007).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 4 more Smart Citations

Clinical syndromes of nervous distemper in dogs initially presented without conventional evidences of CDV infection

2012

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Despite large vaccination practice, canine distemper virus (CDV) is yet an important infectious agent that leads to nervous disease in canine populations worldwide. Unfortunately, the clinical diagnosis of distemper encephalomyelitis is often difficult in cases presented without conventional evidences of CDV infection such as systemic signs and myoclonus. Therefore, the aim of this study was to evaluate the neurological deficits and the clinical syndromes of nervous distemper in dogs suffering from neurological disease admitted in the absence of the conventional evidences of CDV infection. Dogs presented with central nervous disease in which toxic/traumatic or a CDV-free etiology could be excluded ante mortem were prospectively followed up and which that died (natural death or euthanasia, despite medical treatment) and necropsy was carried out were included in this study. Ten out of 35 evaluated dogs were post mortem diagnosed with CDV encephalomyelitis by both CDV RNA detection through RT-PCR assay in nervous tissue and observation of distemper-compatible neuroparenchymal lesions. According to the nervous signs, clinical history, and the age of presentation, the distemper dogs were grouped in three clinical syndromes of CDV encephalomyelitis: i) canine distemper encephalitis in immature dogs (CDEID) (n=3); ii) multifocal distemper encephalomyelitis in mature dogs (MDEMD) (n=6); and iii) old dog encephalitis (ODE)-like syndrome (n=1). The respective nervous deficits expected from each one of the syndromes herein presented were discussed. Key words: Dog, canine distemper virus, distemper, encephalomyelitis, RT-PCR ResumoApesar da prática de vacinação, o vírus da cinomose canina (CDV) ainda é um importante agente infeccioso que leva à doença neurológica na população canina em todo o mundo. Infelizmente, o diagnóstico clínico da encefalomielite pela cinomose é difícil nos casos apresentados sem evidências clínicas convencionais de infecção pelo CDV, tais como sinais sistêmicos e mioclonia. Portanto, o objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar os déficits neurológicos e as síndromes clínicas da apresentação neurológica da cinomose em cães portadores de doença neurológica apresentados na ausência de evidências convencionais de infecção pelo CDV. Foram prospectivamente acompanhados cães que apresentaram doença do sistema nervoso central, onde a abordagem diagnóstica ante mortem excluiu outras afecções que não cinomose (etiologia tóxica, traumática, degenerativa, neoplásica, etc) incluídos neste estudo os animais que vieram a óbito (morte natural ou eutanásia, apesar do tratamento médico) e foram necropsiados. Dez de 35 cães avaliados foram diagnosticados no post-mortem com encefalomielite pelo CDV pela detecção de RNA viral pelo RT-PCR no tecido nervoso e observação de lesões neuroparenquimatosas compatíveis com cinomose. De acordo com os sinais neurológicos, a história clínica e a idade de apresentação, os cães foram agrupados em três síndromes clínicas da forma neurológica da cinomose: i) encefalite pela cinomose ca...

show abstract

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 90%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 90%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Animals and Inclusion And Diagnostic Criteriamentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 3 more Smart Citations

Clinical syndromes of nervous distemper in dogs initially presented without conventional evidences of CDV infection

2012

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

The Pathogenesis of Canine Distemper Virus Induced Demyelination

Baumgärtner

Alldinger

Experimental Models of Multiple Sclerosis

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Studies on canine distemper virus persistence in the central nervous system

et al. 1995

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Chronic progressive demyelination in canine distemper virus (CDV) infection is associated with persistence of the virus in the nervous system. We studied persistence by examining expression of CDV mRNA corresponding to all genes of the virus as well as genomic CDV RNA in brain sections of dogs with acute and chronic demyelinating disease. All virus mRNAs were expressed in acute demyelinating lesions in a way similar to that seen in lymphoid tissues, the primary replication site of CDV. Their distribution corresponded very well with immunohistochemical detection of virus protein. In contrast, much more CDV mRNA than virus protein was found in gray matter areas suggesting that translation of CDV can be impaired in nervous distemper. Virus protein and RNA were cleared from chronic inflammatory demyelinating lesions. mRNA corresponding to the distal genes (F; H; L) of CDV disappeared first in inflammatory lesions for technical reasons associated with the particular mode of transcription of morbilliviruses. CDV RNA and protein persisted in chronically ill dogs in other areas of the CNS in which inflammation had not occurred. Our results suggest that persistence of CDV is favored by non-cytolytic spread of the virus and restricted infection of certain cells with reduced viral protein expression. Both tend to delay immune recognition of the virus.

show abstract

Chronic Canine Distemper Virus Encephalitis in Mature Dogs

Cited by 43 publications

References 11 publications

Clinical syndromes of nervous distemper in dogs initially presented without conventional evidences of CDV infection

Clinical syndromes of nervous distemper in dogs initially presented without conventional evidences of CDV infection

The Pathogenesis of Canine Distemper Virus Induced Demyelination

Studies on canine distemper virus persistence in the central nervous system

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About