Chronic Arsenic Toxicity in Sheep of Kurdistan Province, Western Iran

Keshavarzi, Behnam; Seradj, Afsaneh; Akbari, Zahra; Moore, Farid; Shahraki, Alireza Rahmani; Pourjafar, Mehrdad

doi:10.1007/s00244-015-0157-4

Cited by 19 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 43 publications

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“…In toxicological experiments, body weights have the pronounced toxic effects of metals. Body weights in arsenic exposed Teddy bucks decreased significantly and these results are in close harmony with the findings in Black Bengal goats (Akter et al, 2010) and sheep (Keshavarzi et al, 2015). The reduction in body weights in goats can be due to intoxication of arsenic (Biswas et al, 2000) and this may vary due to dose, route and duration of sodium arsenite (Chattopadhyay et al, 2001).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 67%

Effects of Vitamin E on Hemato-Biochemical Constituents, Kidney Parenchyma and Tissue Accumulation in Sodium Arsenite Exposed Teddy Goat Bucks

Zubair¹

2018

PVJ

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The objective of this study was to find out the toxicity of sodium arsenite on hematology, serum biochemical constituents and kidney of Teddy bucks. The accumulation of arsenic in blood as well as tissues along its excretion in feces and urine was also measured. Vitamin E was also used to ameliorate the toxicity on these parameters. Adult twelve Teddy bucks were equally divided into three groups; A, B and C. The animals in group A was kept as control, while in groups B and C were fed with sodium arsenite 5 mg/kg and sodium arsenite 5 mg/kg +Vit E 200 mg/kg body weights respectively for twelve weeks. Body weights, blood and serum biochemical parameters were evaluated fortnightly in all the groups. Similarly, total arsenic accumulation in blood and excretion in urine and feces were measured after every two weeks. At the end of experiment, animals were slaughtered and visceral organs were processed for arsenic level and histopathologically studies. On analysis of data, it was proved that there was significant P<0.05 decrease in body weight, total protein, albumin and creatinine in arsenic treated animals. Whereas, total level of arsenic in blood and tissues was increased significantly in arsenic exposed animals. The results also revealed that vitamin E alleviated toxic effects of sodium arsenite on body weight, blood and serum biochemical constituents in restoration of normal values of these parameters. It was also proved that this vitamin increased the arsenic concentration in urine and feces. It was concluded that arsenic causes the toxicity and vitamin E scavenges this toxicity.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 67%

Effects of Vitamin E on Hemato-Biochemical Constituents, Kidney Parenchyma and Tissue Accumulation in Sodium Arsenite Exposed Teddy Goat Bucks

Zubair¹

2018

PVJ

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“…Moreover, natural occurring cases of anemia associated with toxicosis by heavy metals such as copper (Cregar et al, 2012;Bundza et al, 1982;Stogdale, 1978), zinc (Allen et al, 1983) and arsenic (Keshavarzi et al, 2015;Rana et al, 2010) have been reported in ruminants. Although, anemia has been reported in natural cases of lead poisoning in cows (Schlerka et al, 2004), it has not been observed in experimentally lead poisoned sheep were low doses of lead where administered (Polizopoulou, 1991).…”

Section: Hemolytic Anemiamentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The test requires a drop of blood that is applied on a special chromatographic paper which is compared to a laminated card with different colours related to different haemoglobin concentrations. The performance of this test in cattle was reported to be good for the REFERENCES Moreover, chemical analysis is used for the detection of heavy metals and toxins in biological material as well as in feed and water (Keshavarzi, 2015).…”

Section: Scoring Of Anemia Without Using a Blood Count Analyzermentioning

confidence: 99%

Diagnostic approach of anemia in ruminants

Katsogiannou

Athanasiou

Christodoulopoulos

et al. 2018

J Hellenic Vet Med Soc

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Anemia in ruminants is an abnormal condition characterized by the decrease of the hematocrit (Packed Cell Volume, PCV), the mass of erythrocytes (Red Blood Cells, RBCs) and/or hemoglobin. Anemia is classified as hemolytic, hemorrhagic or anemia caused by the decreased production of erythrocytes; the first two categories are characterized by a regenerative response. Hemorrhagic anemia can be caused by ectoparasites or parasites of the gastrointestinal system, hemorrhagic bowel syndrome, abomasal ulcers, vena cava thrombosis as well as from the genitourinary tract. In addition, primary and secondary hemostatic disorders can be accompanied by hemorrhagic anemia. Hemoparasites, toxins produced from Clostridium perfringens type D and Clostridium hemolyticum and leptospirosis are some of the causes of hemolytic anemia. Furthermore, certain plants, drugs or heavy metals and lack of certain trace elements can cause hemolysis. Immune-mediated hemolytic anemia has also been reported in ruminants. The reduced production of erythrocytes can be caused by deficiency of vitamin B12 or iron, as well as by chronic diseases. Pathologic conditions of bone marrow like inflammatory or neoplastic cells filtration and hypoplasia or aplasia of bone marrow are related to reduced production of erythrocytes. After laboratory confirmation by complete blood count analysis, history taking, clinical examination of the animal and specific test depending on the case, are required for the diagnostic approach of anemia and especially for etiological diagnosis. Tachycardia, tachypnea, icterus, mucosal pallor as well as specific symptoms of the underlying disease are observed during the clinical examination of the animal. FAMACHA technique is widely used for the clinical diagnosis and the assessment of the severity of anemia. With respect to complete blood count, apart from the hematocrit, hemoglobin concentration, erythrocytes indices as Mean Corpuscular Volume (MCV) and Mean Corpuscular Hemoglobin Concentration (MCHC) are contributing to the classification of anemia. The size and the shape of the erythrocytes, the appearance of inclusions and reticulocytes, which are indicative of regenerative anemia, are evaluated in blood smear. Rarely, examination of bone marrow is carried out, for the differentiation of anemia as regenerative or non-regenerative. In particular, the confirmation of immune- mediate anemia is based on Coomb’s test for the detection of autoagglutination. Except from hemorrhage, blood loss is detected at urinalysis or feces microscopy for the presence of blood and/or parasites. Finally, serological and molecular techniques for the detection of infectious agents, as well as specific toxicological analysis are performed in various biological materials.

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“…Increased cytosolic calcium levels, ceramide formation, and disruption in erythrocyte membrane integrity alongside decreased ATP availability all contribute to cell death. The short life span of arsenic laden RBCs has been shown to impact a direct negative effect on erythrocyte and hemoglobin values, leading to anemia [19] , [61] .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%