Chronic alcoholics retain dyspeptic symptoms, pan‐enteric dysmotility, and autonomic neuropathy before and after abstinence

Ciaula, Agostino Di; Grattagliano, Ignazio; Portincasa, Piero

doi:10.1111/1751-2980.12415

Cited by 13 publications

(29 citation statements)

References 65 publications

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“…The small intestinal transit time in response to the test meal was comparable to that observed in previous studies [28,32], while it was 27% more rapid after both almonds.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 88%

“…The isovolumetric composition of the test meals, moreover, provided accurate analyses of the emptying curve and kinetic parameters of gastric and small intestinal motility. Findings were compared with Nutridrink, the standard test meal adopted by our group [26,32].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Gallbladder, gastric motility and orocecal transit time were studied simultaneously [26][27][28][29][30][31][32][33][34]. Time-dependent changes of fasting and postprandial gallbladder volumes (mL) and antral areas (cm 2 ) were measured from frozen sonograms on a portable scanner (Noblus, Hitachi Medical, Tokyo, Japan) equipped with a 3.5 MHz convex transducer.…”

Section: Gallbladder and Gastric Motilitymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…OCTT was measured by the lactulose H 2 -breath test according to standard guidelines [32,[35][36][37][38]. During the 10 days before the test, antibiotics, probiotics, or other drugs known to affect gastrointestinal motility or intestinal microbiota were prohibited.…”

Section: Orocecal Transit Timementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Factors such as the almond genotype [14,15], the growing region [16,17], the climatic conditions during the growing season [18], the harvest time [19], the storage conditions might influence the chemical J Gastrointestin Liver Dis, March 2018 Vol. 27 No 1: [31][32][33][34][35][36][37][38][39] composition of almonds and their nutraceutical effects. Given the high almond consumption, the Italian production cannot cover the whole domestic demand, and a significant amount of almonds must be imported.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Distinct Effects of two Almond Cultivars on Agreeability and Gastrointestinal Motility in Healthy Subjects: more than mere Nutraceuticals

Diella

Ciaula

Lorusso

et al. 2018

JGLD

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Background: Almonds are healthy nutraceuticals, which vary across different cultivars. We compared the composition, agreeability and gastrointestinal effects of two almond cultivars from different areas.Methods: Californian Carmel (CAcv) and local Apulian Filippo Cea (FCcv) cultivars were compared for the chemical composition and sensory evaluation according to visual analogue and semiquantitative scales in 60 volunteers. Gallbladder/gastric motility (ultrasonography) and orocecal transit time (H2-breath test) were studied in another 24 subjects by comparing the effects of a standard liquid test meal with isovolumetric almond test meals (24 g of CAcv or FCcv almonds).Results: Proteins prevailed in CAcv, while FCcv contained more lipids and 10-times more total phenol content than CAcv. For agreeability, CAcv scored higher than FCcv for smell, texture and appearance, although different perceptions existed in lean (scores for smell, taste, texture, appearance higher for CAcv than FCcv), obese (CAcv better than FCcv only for appearance) and elderly subjects (CAcv better than FCcv only for texture). Gallbladder emptying was stronger with FCcv than CAcv. Antral dilatation after ingestion of both cultivars was greater than the dilatation observed after the test meal. Gastric emptying, however, was similar after FCcv, CAcv and the test meal. The orocecal transit time in response to both cultivars was shorter than after the test meal.Conclusions: Differences in composition and effects of FCcv and CAcv cultivars support their potential use as valuable nutraceutical tools, to be confirmed in further clinical studies.

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“…The small intestinal transit time in response to the test meal was comparable to that observed in previous studies [28,32], while it was 27% more rapid after both almonds.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 88%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Gallbladder and Gastric Motilitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Orocecal Transit Timementioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 3 more Smart Citations

Distinct Effects of two Almond Cultivars on Agreeability and Gastrointestinal Motility in Healthy Subjects: more than mere Nutraceuticals

Diella

Ciaula

Lorusso

et al. 2018

JGLD

Self Cite

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Alcohol-induced autonomic dysfunction: a systematic review

et al. 2019

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Purpose Autonomic dysfunction is a known consequence of chronic and excessive alcohol consumption. The aim of this systematic review was to characterise this phenomenon, describe the frequency at which it occurs and to explore the best management strategies. Methods A systematic, computer-based search was conducted using the PubMed database. All studies identified by the search were evaluated independently by at least three authors. For inclusion, studies had to report human subjects consuming ethanol in excess. Case reports and non-original studies were excluded from this review. Results A total of 55 studies were included in this review. According to cardiovascular reflex tests, 16-73% of chronic alcohol abusers suffer from autonomic dysfunction. The most commonly occurring symptom is erectile dysfunction, whilst other features such as postural dizziness are rare. The most important risk factor for this condition is total lifetime dose of ethanol, although there is mixed evidence supporting the role of other risk factors. The only management strategy currently explored in the literature is abstinence, which appears to lead to significant improvement in autonomic investigations. Conclusion Current literature includes studies of highly heterogeneous populations, consuming differing volumes of alcohol over variable periods of time and utilising a number of different autonomic test batteries and criteria to diagnose autonomic dysfunction. Therefore, further research using homogeneous methods for measuring autonomic dysfunction in the field is needed. Despite this limitation, our review demonstrated that autonomic dysfunction is very common among alcohol abusers.

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Alcohol-Induced Neuropathy in Chronic Alcoholism: Causes, Pathophysiology, Diagnosis, and Treatment Options

et al. 2020

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Purpose of the Review Alcohol abuse causes a wide range of disorders that affect the nervous system. These include confusion, cerebellar ataxia, peripheral neuropathy, and cognitive impairment. Chronic and excessive alcohol consumption is the primary cause of peripheral neuropathy. It is worth noting that peripheral neuropathy has no reliable treatment due to the poor understanding of its pathology. Recent Findings Coasting is a major feature of alcoholic neuropathy, largely due to chronic alcohol abuse. Its major features are hyperalgesia, allodynia, and burning pain. Even though much research was done in this area, still we do not have a full understanding of the mechanism of alcoholic neuropathy. However, some theories have been proposed. These include direct or indirect effects of alcohol metabolites, impaired axonal transport, suppressed excitatory nerve pathway activity, or imbalance in neurotransmitters. Activation of spinal cord microglia, mGlu5 spinal cord receptors, and hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis also seem to be implicated in the pathophysiology of this alcoholic neuropathy. The goal of treatment is to impede further damage to the peripheral nerves while also restoring their normal physiology. Alcohol abstinence, intake of balanced diets, and treatment with medications are suggested including benfotiamine, alpha-lipoic acid, acetyl-l-carnitine, vitamin E, methylcobalamin, myo-inositol, N-acetylcysteine, capsaicin, tricyclic antidepressants, or antiepileptic drugs. Summary This review focuses on the many pathways that play a role in the onset and development of alcohol-induced neuropathy, as well as present the possible treatment strategies of this disorder, providing insights into a further search of new treatment modalities.

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Chronic alcoholics retain dyspeptic symptoms, pan‐enteric dysmotility, and autonomic neuropathy before and after abstinence

Abstract: Chronic alcoholics exhibit combined and interdependent presence of dyspeptic symptoms, impaired motility at different levels of the gastrointestinal tract, with sympathetic dysfunction. Only a few of these abnormalities improve after one year of abstinence from alcohol.

Cited by 13 publications

References 65 publications

Distinct Effects of two Almond Cultivars on Agreeability and Gastrointestinal Motility in Healthy Subjects: more than mere Nutraceuticals

Distinct Effects of two Almond Cultivars on Agreeability and Gastrointestinal Motility in Healthy Subjects: more than mere Nutraceuticals

Alcohol-induced autonomic dysfunction: a systematic review

Alcohol-Induced Neuropathy in Chronic Alcoholism: Causes, Pathophysiology, Diagnosis, and Treatment Options

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