Chromosome damage induced by chemicals

Bishun, N. P.; Williams, D. C.; Mills, J.; Lloyd, Natasha; Raven, Ronald W.; Parke, Dennis V.

doi:10.1016/0009-2797(73)90058-6

Cited by 9 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 51 publications

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“…Since then many newer techniques have been described in which colcemid arrest of the cells combined with hypotonic treatment produced adequate spreads to facilitate better chromosome examination and investigation. The chromosomal theory of carcinogenesis suggests that chromosomal aberration is the common pathway through which carcinogenic factors induce cancer [9]. It has been established that certain viruses, chemicals, and therapeutic agents cause chromosomal damage that could in turn cause the evolution of neoplastic growth.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The latter three, for example, have also been found recently to be carcinogenic in tests on rats and mice [19]. All of these chemicals have been used extensively in the past [9].…”

Section: Mutagenicity Of Pesticidesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Present information would indicate that the chemicals to which we are exposed may be far more dangerous to the population in terms of genetic defects than radiation. Such chemicals would include pharmacological agents, as well as food additives, narcotics, antibiotics, pesticides, and air and water pollutants [9].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…There are sufficient reasons to assume that structural chromosome aberrations continue to occur at lower dose levels; in regard to the induction of point mutations, one is only aware that these are highly correlated with visible chromosome damage. As long as there is no evidence to the contrary, it must be assumed that a substance which, in high doses, produces chromosome aberrations in vivo is also capable of causing mutations in the low dose range [9]. The relationship between dose levels and genetic damage is shown in Figure 1.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Among the various procedures that can be applied to the assessment of drug mutagenic and clastogenic potential, only those that involve a mammalian model should be considered for primary use in pharmaceutical safety evaluation. This position is supported by reason of the relatively lesser difficulty in the extrapolation of these results to man [9]. Studies of dose-relationships must be included to identify these levels at which mutagenic action is first detectable and to relate this level to the dose required for therapeutic efficacy.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The role of cytogenetic tests in detection and prevention of cancer

Bishun

1981

Journal of Surgical Oncology

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Although simplified and improved techniques have increased at a fast rate in recent years, a great number of compounds released into our environment still remain untested. It has been estimated that between 80-90% of human cancer is a result of exposure to such compounds, and if by the application of short-term mutagenic tests, the use of many of these compounds can be severely restricted, an enormous impact can be made on the solution of human health problems. Batteries of mutagenic tests have established an empirical relationship between mutagenisis and carcinogenisis, and, in view of the cost in terms of time and money, short-term tests are playing an important role in first detecting, and second, eliminating potential hazards in our environment. The use of bacteria and other unicellular organisms in these assay systems has met with much criticism; due to the fact that the DNA materials affected do not directly relate to that of man. However, in conjunction with other tests, utilizing human and other mammalian cells, firm conclusions can be drawn regarding the potential hazards of certain chemicals. Recent advances in cytogenetic tests (e.g., banding chromosomes and sister chromatid exchange) have improved the sensitivity of chromosomal tests and, in so doing, have rendered them more usual in the selecting out process that can reduce substantially the mutagenic and carcinogenic hazards caused by chemicals and other deleterious agents in the environment.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The latter three, for example, have also been found recently to be carcinogenic in tests on rats and mice [19]. All of these chemicals have been used extensively in the past [9].…”

Section: Mutagenicity Of Pesticidesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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