Chromosomal polymorphism of Bufo bufo: Karyotype and C-banding pattern of B. b. verrucosissima

Abstract

Bufo bufo verrucosissima has a karyotype consisting of 22 chromosomes (6 pairs of large and 5 pairs of small chromosomes which are meta-and submetacentric). By means of Ag-AS-staining nucleolar organizers were localized in the telomeric region of the long arms of the6th pair of chromosomes. The karyotype differs from those of the other B.bufo subspecies by the form of the 4th pair, which is metacentric. A slight chromosomal polymorphism was shown also after C-banding of B. b. verrucosissima and B. b. bufo chromosomes.

Karyological and flow cytometric evidence of triploid specimens in Bufo viridis (Amphibia Anura)

“…Our results confirm that no conclusion can be made about the origin of polyploidy in Bufo viridis. The uniformity of C-banding pattern between diploid and tetraploid specimens seems to support an autoploid origin of polyploidy as evidenced by other studies performed by C-banding on more than 20 species of Bufo in which a distinctive karyological pattern, with the uniformity of both morphometric parameters and C-bands pattern between diploid and tetraploid populations of Bufo viridis, was shown (Birstein and Mazin, 1982;Matsui et al 1995;Miura 1995). Otherwise, the diversification present in diploid populations of Bufo viridis without heterochromatin rearrangements, indicates that an origin of tetraploid population by allopolyploidy (through hybridization between two diversified diploid populations and subsequent duplication of two chromosome sets) cannot be ruled out.…”

Multilocus species tree analyses resolve the radiation of the widespread Bufo bufo species group (Anura, Bufonidae)

“…2B). In spite of these patterns, previous studies have documented the distinctiveness of B. verrucosissimus based on morphological, ecological, and biochemical characters (Birschtein & Mazin, 1982;Orlova & Tuniyev, 1989;Kuzmin, 1999;Pisanets et al, 2009), and there is some evidence that, whereas both species can interbreed in laboratory conditions, hybrid survival may not exceed the second generation (see Pisanets, 2001Pisanets, , 2002Pisanets et al, 2009).…”

Characterization of c-banded mitotic chromosomes in four species of anuran amphibians from Thailand

“…In order to characterise anuran chromosomes in more detail, differential staining techniques have been found useful for multiple bands as well as for indicating the molecular structure of the chromosomes (Schmid, 1978b). Some authors have already reported heterochromatin banding patterns in chromosomes of certain groups of anuran amphibians (Stock and Mengden, 1975;Schmid, 1978aSchmid, , 1978bKing, 1980;Birstein and Mazin, 1982;Matsui et al, 1985). The c-bands are known to contain repeated sequences of DNA and can be classified into three groups: centromeric, interstitial and telomeric regions (King, 1991).…”