Karyological and flow cytometric evidence of triploid specimens in Bufo viridis (Amphibia Anura)

Abstract

Karyological and flow cytometric (FCM) analyses were performed on a group of 14 green toads of the Bufo viridis species from seven Eurasian populations. Both approaches gave concordant results concerning the DNA ploidy level. All the populations examined were represented exclusively by diploid or tetraploid specimens, except one, where triploids were found. Results evidenced an interpopulation variability in DNA content against the same ploidy level, as well as an unusually high number of triploids in a particular reproductive place. The origin of polyploidy and the presence and persistence of a high number of triploids in a particular population are discussed

Karyotypic differentiation via 2n reduction and a finding of a case of triploidy in anurans of the genus Engystomops (Anura, Leiuperidae)

“…Triploidy, on the other hand, is rarer in natural populations, but triploid specimens have already been reported for Rana palustris (Wiley and Braswell 1986), Eupsophus vertebralis (Formas 1994), Rana esculenta (Gunther et al 1979), Rana pipens (Richards and Nace 1977), and Leiopelma hochstetteri (Green et al 1984). Cavallo et al (2002) also reported cases of triploidy involving Bufo viridis. Their hypothesis was that those triploid animals could be originated by hybridization of the two populations (one diploid and one tetraploid).…”

Polyploidy in Amphibia

“…Astylosternus diadematus 4n = 54 Tandy, 1976, 1981 Bufonidae Amietophrynus poweri 3n = 30 j Schmid, 1978 Amietophrynus asmarae 4n = 40 Bogart and Tandy, 1976;Bogart, 1980;Tandy et al, 1982 Bufotes viridis complex prior to revision by Stöck et al, 2001b3n = 33 Stöck et al, 1999, 2001aBorkin et al, 2001;Cavallo et al, 2002 Bufotes viridis complex prior to revision by Stöck et al, 2001b4n = 44 Bogart, 1972Mazik et al, 1976;Pisanets, 1978;Toktosunov, 1984;Borkin et al, 1986aBorkin et al, , b, 2001Orlova and Uteshev, 1986;Ráb, 1986, 1987;Wu and Zhao, 1987;Borkin and Kuzmin, 1988;Stöck, 1998;Stöck et al, 2001aStöck et al, , 2006 The following taxa are presently included in the Bufotes viridis complex Bufotes baturae 3n = 33 Stöck et al, 1999Stöck et al, , 2002Stöck et al, , 2012 Tandy, 1976, 1981 Hylidae Hyla versicolor 4n = 48 Wasserman, 1970;Bogart and Wasserman, 1972;Bachmann and Bogart, 1975;Cash and Bogart, 1978;Wiley, 1982;Anderson, 1986Anderson, , 1991 Beçak et al, 1970b;Batistic et al, 1975;Pombal and Haddad, 1992;Haddad et al, 1994 Leiopelmatidae Leiopelma hochstetteri 3n = 33 j Green et al, 1984 Leptodactylidae Pleurodema bibroni 4n = 44 …”

First report of the karyotype of Bufo dhufarensis from Saudi Arabia

“…The uniformity of sex chromosomes among toads seems to be accepted, and there are several papers indicating such uniformity (Miura, 1995;Kasahara et al, 1996;Cavallo et al, 2002;Azevedo et al, 2003;Siripivasing et al, 2008). …”