Chromosomal Location of the Genetic Elements Controlling Penicillinase Production in a Strain of Staphylococcus aureus

Asheshov, Elizabeth H.

doi:10.1038/210804a0

Cited by 95 publications

(54 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…Likewise, the probe derived from the bifunctional aminoglycoside resistance gene, known to be responsible for gentamicin resistance in enterococci, did not hybridize to the plasmids in our clinical isolates (data not shown). The ,B-lactamase probe hybridized 1 …”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Chromosomally mediated beta-lactamase production and gentamicin resistance in Enterococcus faecalis

Rice

Eliopoulos

Wennersten

et al. 1991

Antimicrob Agents Chemother

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We have analyzed four distinct strains of multiply resistant, beta-lactamase-producing enterococci isolated during an outbreak of colonization with these strains on an infant-toddler surgical ward at The Children's Hospital in Boston, Mass. All four strains were resistant to erythromycin, penicillin, and tetracycline and to high levels of gentamicin and streptomycin. One strain was also resistant to chloramphenicol. Plasmid profiles revealed four different plasmid patterns, with the number of identified plasmids ranging from zero to three. The gene coding for beta-lactamase production could be transferred at low frequency (less than 10(-8)) to an enterococcal recipient from one strain in conjunction with all of the other resistance determinants. Probes derived from the staphylococcal beta-lactamase gene and gentamicin resistance gene failed to hybridize with any of the detectable plasmids, but both genes were present on restriction fragments of genomic DNA in all strains. Our results indicate that the beta-lactamase genes and gentamicin resistance genes in these strains are integrated into the bacterial chromosome. The cotransmissibility of the resistance determinants raises the possibility of their incorporation into a multiresistance transposable genetic element.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…(12). Chromosomal ,B-lactamase production in staphylococci was first described in 1966 (1). Further analysis of the strain for which this was described, PS 80, led to the discovery of the staphylococcal penicillinase transposon, TnSS2 (21).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Chromosomally mediated beta-lactamase production and gentamicin resistance in Enterococcus faecalis

Rice

Eliopoulos

Wennersten

et al. 1991

Antimicrob Agents Chemother

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“…Resistance to heavy metals such as mercuric and cadmium ions are usually linked to penicillinase on these plasmids (11,12,16). Tetracycline resistance can be determined by a plasmid which is lost or transduced independently of the penicillinase-containing plasmids (1,10). The data in this study demonstrate that patterns of antibiotic and heavy metal resistance vary between coagulase-positive or mannitol-fermenting and coagulase-negative or mannitol-noniermenting strains.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 67%

Epidemiology of Antibiotic and Heavy Metal Resistance in Bacteria: Resistance Patterns in Staphylococci Isolated from Populations in Iraq Exposed and Not Exposed to Heavy Metals or Antibiotics

Groves¹,

Short²,

Thewaini³

et al. 1975

Antimicrob Agents Chemother

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Staphylococci were isolated from rural and urban populations in Iraq, which were not known to be exposed to either heavy metals or antibiotics. The antibiotic and heavy metal resistance patterns of these strains were analyzed in both mannitol-fermenting and nonfermenting strains. Over 90% of the strains were resistant to at least one of the following antibiotics: penicillin, chloramphenicol, erythromycin, tetracycline, cephalothin, lincomycin, or methicillin. In general, mannitol-fermenting strains were resistant to penicillin and cupric ions. Mannitol-negative strains were more frequently associated with mercuric ion and tetracycline resistance. Although resistance to penicillin and tetracycline can coexist, the combination of penicillin resistance and tetracycline resistance usually occurred in mannitol-negative strains. The possibility of selection of heavy metal-resistant strains due to exposure to toxic levels of methylmercury was examined. No significant increase in mercuric ion-resistant strains of staphylococci or Escherichia coli were detected in exposed populations as compared to control groups. The possible reasons for this result are discussed.The current interest in subtle effects of environmental contaminants on ecosystems has resulted in a renewed emphasis on the interactions of pollutants with microorganisms. As man further contaminates his own environment, he alters the milieu of those organisms for whom he is the host. For example, selection of antibiotic-resistant strains in human patients (4,8,19) and live stock (18) is a well recognized phenomenon. There is also evidence to indicate that there may be a correlation between the emergence of resistance to antibiotics and heavy metals. Thus the exposure of industrial workers to metallic mercury or inorganic mercury has been shown to be associated with an increased colonization by antibiotic-or mercury-resistant staphylococci in the nasal passages (7). Even in populations that had not been known to have been exposed to mercury, there is a high correlation between certain types of antibiotic resistance patterns and resistance to heavy metals.Recent studies have demonstrated an association between resistance to penicillin, copper ions, and the production of coagulase, whereas resistance to mercury was more commonly noted in strains that were resistant to tetracycline and coagulase negative (6; D. Groves and F.. Young, manuscript in preparation). 6Because there was an increased incidence of intercurrent infections leading to death in patients poisoned with methylmercury at Minimata (14), it was considered particularly relevant to determine the effects of exposure to toxic amounts of heavy metals on resistance patterns in microorganisms. In the period from September 1971 to mid-January 1972, a severe epidemic of methylmercury poisoning of farmers and their families occurred in Iraq, due to the consumption of home-made bread prepared from seed grain treated with a methyl mercurial fungicide. A total of 6,530 cases were admitted to hospitals, and there...

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“…Asheshov & Rippon (1959) showed the presence of a restriction system on the lysogenic phage F in PS 80. It was important to know the localization of an rm system affecting a whole phage.…”

Section: Modijication By Mutantsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The propagating strains (PS) of the International Phage Typing System and the non-lysogenic strains 879 (group 11;Winkler & Grootsen, 1961) and 57 (Winkler et al, 1965) were used. The cured strains 80c, derived from PS 80 (NcTcg789) (Asheshov & Winkler, 1966), and cv4 ( Van der Vijver, van Es-Boon & Michel, 1975) were obtained from the appropriate authors. PS 29 and PS 71 (respectively NCTC833I and N C T C~~I~) were cured to give strains 29c and 71c.…”

Section: E E S T O B B E R I N G H a N D K C W I N K L E Rmentioning

confidence: 99%

Restriction-deficient Mutants of Staphylococcus aureus

Stobberingh¹,

Winkler²

1977

Journal of General Microbiology

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SUMMARYA series of restriction-deficient mutants was isolated from non-lysogenic strains of Staphylococcus d W N belonging to phage groups I and 11. Some mutants were sensitive to all phages tested. With one possible exception, all the mutants were unaffected in their modification systems. The breakdown of DNA of phages, restricted in the parental strains, was reduced in both the mutants that were tested. The restriction in propagating strain 3~ could be transduced to its restrictiondeficient mutant. The transduction efficiency increased after ultraviolet irradiation of the transducing phage suggesting that the gene for restriction is present on the bacterial chromosome.

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Chromosomal Location of the Genetic Elements Controlling Penicillinase Production in a Strain of Staphylococcus aureus

Cited by 95 publications

References 9 publications

Chromosomally mediated beta-lactamase production and gentamicin resistance in Enterococcus faecalis

Chromosomally mediated beta-lactamase production and gentamicin resistance in Enterococcus faecalis

Epidemiology of Antibiotic and Heavy Metal Resistance in Bacteria: Resistance Patterns in Staphylococci Isolated from Populations in Iraq Exposed and Not Exposed to Heavy Metals or Antibiotics

Restriction-deficient Mutants of Staphylococcus aureus

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