Chromosomal instability in human lymphocytes after low dose rate gamma -irradiation and delayed mitogen stimulation

Holmberg, K.; Meijer, A. E.; Harms‐Ringdahl, Mats; Lambert, Bo

doi:10.1080/095530098142671

Cited by 31 publications

(11 citation statements)

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“…This is explained by the longer times available for DNA repair. Thus, increased clonogenic potential and lower yields of chromosome aberration [25] were observed in cells exposed to low-dose-rate irradiation. However, the effects of low dose rate on apoptosis are less clear [26] and an inverse dose rate effect has also been shown for lipid peroxidation [27], for radiation-induced damage of proteins and with the size of deletions at the HPRT locus [28].…”

Section: Dose Rate Effectmentioning

confidence: 99%

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General aspects of the cellular response to low- and high-LET radiation

2001

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Radiobiological studies have shown for some time that the effects of ionising radiation on cells are mainly explained by modification of the DNA. Numerous studies over the past 50 years have accumulated clear evidence of the cause-effect relationship between damage to DNA and the cytotoxic and mutagenic effects of ionising radiation. However, the path from irradiation of the cells to the induction of biological effects comprises several complex steps. The first step involves interactions between the radiation and the cellular environment. These consist of physical and chemical reactions which produce ions, excited molecules and radical species. Excitations and ionisations are complete in about 10(-15) s, and are followed by a chemical thermal equilibrium of the species produced within 10(-12) s. These species then diffuse from their site of production and provoke alterations to a variety of cellular components. This damage is detected by cellular surveillance systems, which in turn activate signalling cascades, gene transcription and enzyme recruitment, which participate in the cellular response. In most cases, cell cycle arrest occurs, allowing, according to the biological relevance of the DNA damage, either a process of DNA repair or programmed cell death (apoptosis). The accuracy of the DNA repair which is performed depends on the complexity of the DNA lesion and on the DNA repair machinery fidelity itself. Improper DNA repair can lead to mutation, chromosome aberration, genetic instability, oncogenic transformation and, ultimately, cell death.

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Section: Dose Rate Effectmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Although genetic instability is normally associated with the high complexity of DNA damage caused by densely ionising radiation, chromosomal instability is also observed in X-and γ-irradiated cells [25,131,137].…”

Section: Genetic Instabilitymentioning

confidence: 99%

General aspects of the cellular response to low- and high-LET radiation

2001

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“…Thus, if the damage were repaired, the progeny of an irradiated cell would appear normal (Figure 1a), but if misrepaired, the progeny would be expected to show any transmissible radiation-induced genetic change and all cells derived from such a cell would exhibit the same genetic change, that is, the effect would be clonal ( Figure 1b). However, many laboratory studies have demonstrated nonclonal chromosome aberrations (Pampfer and Streffer, 1989;Kadhim et al, 1992Kadhim et al, , 1994Marder and Morgan, 1993;Holmberg et al, 1995Holmberg et al, , 1998Grosovsky et al, 1996;Watson et al, 2001) and mutations (Little et al, 1990(Little et al, , 1997Chang and Little, 1992;Harper et al, 1997) in the clonal progeny of irradiated cells. In addition, it has been apparent for many years that radiation-induced cytotoxicity, defined as loss of reproductive potential, may be delayed for up to six generations of cell replication (Puck and Marcus, 1956;Elkind and Sutton, 1959;Trott and Hug, 1970) with death occurring randomly among the progeny cells (Thompson and Suit, 1969).…”

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confidence: 99%

Radiation-induced genomic instability and bystander effects: inter-related nontargeted effects of exposure to ionizing radiation

2003

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“…The principle genetic effect of an irradiation in low doses is radiation-induced genetic instability which lasts during numerous cell divisions after the initial cell has been irradiated (Holmberg et al 1998;McIlrath et al 2003). Genetic instability is favored by changes of repair activity, divergences in cell cycle control, and apoptosis (Murnane 1996).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Interaction between gene repair and mobile elements-induced activity systems after low-dose irradiation

Yushkova¹,

Zainullin²

2016

International Journal of Radiation Biology

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Purpose: To analyze the role of mus-genes repair in system activation P-elements in Drosophila melanogaster induced by a chronic exposure to low doses. Materials and methods: The materials were dysgenic individuals of Drosophila melanogaster with mutations in repair genes (mus101, mus205, mus304, mus308, mus309) and simultaneous transposition of mobile P-elements. The animals were exposed to a chronic irradiation in low doses (0.42 mGy/h). The reaction of animals was analyzed by the DNA damage rate in somatic cells ('Comet assay'), level of dominant lethal mutations, fecundity, and survival rate. Results: The combined action of the systems of post-replication, recombination repair (mus205, mus304), repair of DNA double-stranded breaks (mus304), and of the transposition activity of P-elements after a chronic irradiation in low doses was identified according to every study parameter. The other repair systems and their genes (mus101, mus308, and mus309) responded to action of only one factor (irradiation or mobile elements transposition). Conclusion: The obtained data significantly contribute to the knowledge on a new reaction of the mechanisms of organisms to a chronic irradiation in low doses. ARTICLE HISTORY

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Chromosomal instability in human lymphocytes after low dose rate gamma -irradiation and delayed mitogen stimulation

Cited by 31 publications

References 0 publications

General aspects of the cellular response to low- and high-LET radiation

General aspects of the cellular response to low- and high-LET radiation

Radiation-induced genomic instability and bystander effects: inter-related nontargeted effects of exposure to ionizing radiation

Interaction between gene repair and mobile elements-induced activity systems after low-dose irradiation

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