Chromogranina A i jej rola w patogenezie cukrzycy

Abstract

Chromogranin A is a member of the granin glycoprotein family that is expressed by the endocrine and neuroendocrine cells of different organs. Intracellularly, Chromogranin A contributes to the regulation of secretion, and gives several cleavage products after secretion. Some of its cleavage products modify the hormone functions in autocrine and paracrine ways, while the functions of others have not been fully understood yet. Serum Chromogranin A level is most prominently used in neuroendocrine tumor diagnostics. In addition, recent studies have suggested that Chromogranin A and some of its cleavage products, pancreastatin and WE-14, also play important roles in the pathogenesis of the various forms of diabetes mellitus, but their exact mechanisms still need to be clarified. Higher Chromogranin A, pancreastatin and WE-14 levels have been reported in type 1, type 2 and gestational diabetic patients compared to healthy controls. A notable connection has been inferred through the observation that type 1 diabetes mellitus is not at all or rarely developed in Chromogranin A gene-knockout, non-obese diabetic model mice compared to non-knockout, non-obese diabetic mice. Pancreastatin inhibits insulin release in various cell and animal models, and WE-14 serves as an autoantigen for both CD4+ and CD8+ beta cell-destructive diabetogenic T-cell clones in type 1 diabetes. Chromogranin A contributes to the pathogenesis of diabetes mellitus according to the available literature. The current findings facilitate further investigation to unravel the deeper relationships between this glycoprotein and diabetes.

Lower serum chromogranin B level is associated with type 1 diabetes and with type 2 diabetes patients with intensive conservative insulin treatment

“…From the total of 94 control subjects, 62 and 47 age and sex matched subjects were selected via propensity score matching technique as the control population for type 1 and type 2 diabetes patients, respectively. Analysis on CgA was performed only on data where no CgA influencing factor was present [ 3 , 4 , 7 ]. Laboratory and anamnestic data of study subjects are summarized in Tables 1 and 2 .…”

“… Values are expressed as mean ± standard deviation, unit of anamnestic data is the number of observations eGFR Estimated glomerular filtration rate, HbA 1C Glycated hemoglobin a Excluding the measurement of study subjects, who had any condition leading to chromogranin A elevation [ 3 , 4 , 7 ]. Remaining number of observations was 91 and 56, respectively …”

“…a Excluding the measurement of study subjects, who had any condition leading to chromogranin A elevation [ 3 , 4 , 7 ]. Remaining number of observations was 91 and 56, respectively…”

“…Chromogranins are associated with the carbohydrate metabolism: CgA is known to play a significant role in the development and pathogenesis [ 5 – 7 ] of type 1 diabetes and it is associated with some type 1 diabetes complications, which could develop into neuroendocrine tumors [ 8 ]. Animal and cellular models have shown that CgB is mostly related to the physiological insulin secretion [ 9 – 11 ], however, human clinical study investigating the connection between CgB and diabetes has not been conducted yet.…”

Factores de riesgos diabetes mellitus tipo 2 en población urbana

“…Los factores de riesgo pueden presentarse en cualquier momento de la historia natural de la enfermedad y pueden modificarse a través del tiempo 12 . La acumulación excesiva de grasa que se presenta en las personas con sobrepeso u obesidad dificulta la utilización de la glucosa y altera la producción de insulina 13 .…”