Lower serum chromogranin B level is associated with type 1 diabetes and with type 2 diabetes patients with intensive conservative insulin treatment

Abstract

Background: Chromogranin B (CgB) plays an important role in the physiological insulin secretion of pancreatic beta cells. Serum CgB levels were investigated in type 1 and type 2 diabetes patients in a cross-sectional study. Methods: An observational cross-sectional study was performed with the inclusion of 94 control subjects, 100 type 1 and 100 type 2 diabetes patients, at the Metabolic Outpatient Clinic of the Department of Internal Medicine and Hematology, Semmelweis University. Serum CgB levels were measured with enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Results: Serum CgB level was lower in type 1 diabetes patients than in matched control subjects (p = 0.0241), while they were equal in type 2 diabetes patients and controls (p = 0.1698). The subgroup of type 2 diabetes patients who received intensive conservative insulin treatment had significantly lower CgB levels compared to those with other regimens of antidiabetic therapies (p = 0.0283). Conclusion: The lower serum CgB levels in the patients with type 1 diabetes and the type 2 diabetes patients with progressed disease stage suggested that the CgB production might be decreased due to the beta cell destruction and depletion.

Role and function of granin proteins in diabetes mellitus

“…Even though a few hundred publications on CgB are available, very little is known about its relationship to diabetes. CgB has been reported to play a role in physiological insulin secretion[ 16 - 18 ] and its posttranslational changes[ 79 ], altered processing[ 80 ], and decreased serum values[ 81 ] that have been observed in human diabetes. The expression of CHGB in the pancreatic islets was lower in human T2DM patients compared with healthy subjects[ 79 ].…”

The Emerging Roles of Chromogranins and Derived Polypeptides in Atherosclerosis, Diabetes, and Coronary Heart Disease

“…CgA is known as an important biomarker of diabetes and cardiovascular diseases in addition to neuroendocrine tumors [ 38 , 46 , 47 ]. Higher levels of CgA in the circulating blood have been reported in patients with type 1 diabetes, but not those with type 2 diabetes, when compared with control subjects [ 47 ] ( Table 1 ). Plasma levels of pancreastatin are higher in patients with type 2 and gestational diabetes compared with control subjects [ 48 , 49 ] ( Table 1 ).…”

“…In contrast, serum levels of vasostatin-2 are lower in type 2 diabetic patients than in nondiabetic controls [ 50 ]. Serum CgB levels are lower in patients with type 1 diabetes, but not those with type 2 diabetes, when compared with control subjects [ 47 ] ( Table 1 ). There are no significant correlations between serum CgA and CgB levels [ 47 ].…”

“…Serum CgB levels are lower in patients with type 1 diabetes, but not those with type 2 diabetes, when compared with control subjects [ 47 ] ( Table 1 ). There are no significant correlations between serum CgA and CgB levels [ 47 ]. Serum catestatin levels are decreased in patients with metabolic syndrome compared with patients in the control category [ 51 ].…”

Bioinformatics analysis of potential key genes and mechanisms in type 2 diabetes mellitus

“…Neutrophil degranulation [52], innate immune system [53], platelet degranulation [54], extracellular matrix organization [55], diseases of glycosylation [56], platelet activation, signaling and aggregation [57], hemostasis [58], secretion [59], secretory vesicle [60], transmembrane transporter activity [61], cell adhesion [62], localization of cell [63], extracellular matrix [55], intrinsic component of plasma membrane [64], structural molecule activity [65], signaling receptor binding [66], have been highly noted in T2DM. Reports indicate that HIF1A [67], HLA-DRB1 [68], CHI3L1 [69], ADORA2A [70], ADRB2 [71], CLU (clusterin) [72], AGT (angiotensinogen) [73], VCAM1 [74], PPARA (peroxisome proliferator activated receptor alpha) [75], APOL1 [76], ZFP36 [77], PPM1B [78], SOCS1 [79], SNCA (synuclein alpha) [80], CTSS (cathepsin S) [81], IL6R [82], CFB (complement factor B) [83], DEFB1 [84], VNN1 [85], RAB27A [86], DPP4 [87], RARRES2 [88], CASP1 [89], LCN2 [90], REG3A [91], CD74 [92], PCSK2 [93], CHGB (chromogranin B) [94], TTR (transthyretin) [95], LRG1 [96], ALB (albumin) [97], DPP7 [98], APOH (apolipoprotein H) [99], CTSD (cathepsin D) [100], GCG (glucagon) [101], KCNQ1 [102], NR4A1 [103], PLIN5 [104], ALDH2 [105], ANG (angiogenin) [106], CLDN7 [107], PRLR (prolactin receptor) [108], SOD2 [109], MLXIPL (MLX interacting protein like) [110], CTSD (cathepsin D) [111], PECAM1 [112], ADA (adenosine deaminase) [113], MFGE8 [114], COL1A1 [115], COL3A1 [116], NID2 [117], ARG1 [118], CD93 [119], IGF2 […”