Chromium supplementation improves glucose metabolism and vaginal temperature regulation in Girolando cows under heat stress conditions in a climatic chamber

Ribeiro, Lilian dos Santos; Brandão, Felipe Zandonadi; Carvalheira, Luciano de Rezende; Goes, Túlio José de Freitas; Filho, Rodolpho de Almeida Torres; Quintão, C. C. R.; Pires, Maria de Fátima Ávila; Camargo, Luiz Sérgio de Almeida; Carvalho, Bruno Campos de

doi:10.1007/s11250-019-02173-w

Cited by 11 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…Heavy metals, i.e., Cu and Fe, which provide health benefits to humans, were found in significantly low concentrations when compared to the WHO limits for herbal medicines for human use (Table 1). ese findings implied that the beneficial effects associated with Cu and Fe from Vernonia amygdalina in the oxygen and electron transport during metabolism [9] would be low in comparison to the very high concentrations of Pb, Cr, and Ni which have high carcinogenic potential and health risks, i.e., disruption of glucose utilization and initiation of apoptosis [31,36]. In addition, concentrations of Co and Zn were high while the concentration of Cd was low in comparison with WHO limits on herbal medicines (Table 1), demonstrating the therapeutical effects of Vernonia amygdalina in Uganda on antioxidant activity and cellular metabolism, and properties associated with Co and Zn [16,18] are stronger than those conferred by Cu and Fe.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Nickel (Ni) is associated with dermatitis with lung and nasal cancers [34,35] due to its ability to disrupt cellular growth [36,37]. Cd leads to lung and prostate cancer [27] while Cr chronic ingestion leads to gastrointestinal cancers [11,31]. ese carcinogenic effects are common in adults than in children following chronic consumption of heavy metals.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Ingestion of Cr can lead to anemia and cause damage to sperm and male reproductive system, GIT irritation, ulcers of the stomach and small intestines, cardiovascular, respiratory, renal, hepatic, and neurological effects, and death [30]. Chromium has been shown to promote carcinogenicity in stomach tumors [11,31]. Nickel (Ni) is an essential element in some animal species, and it has been suggested to be an essential element for human nutrition [30,32,33], however, it has been strongly associated with dermatitis consisting of itching of the fingers, hands, and forearms, respiratory dystress in humans and an increased risk of lung and nasal cancers [34,35].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Consumption of Raw Herbal Medicines Is Associated with Major Public Health Risks amongst Ugandans

Ssempijja

Kasozi

Eze

et al. 2020

Journal of Environmental and Public Health

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Background. Community consumption of herbal plants in developing countries is a common practice, however, scarcity of information on their physiochemical composition is a major public health concern. In Uganda, Vernonia amygdalina is of interest in rural communities due to its therapeutical action on both bacterial and protozoal parasites, however no studies have been conducted to assess the heavy metal concentrations in traditional plants used in alternative medicine. The aim of the study was to establish concentrations of heavy metals in Vernonia amygdalina, model the estimated daily intake (EDI), and assess both the non-cancer-related health risk using the target hazard quotient (THQ), and the risk related to cancer through the incremental lifetime cancer risk (ILCR) for the Ugandan population. Methods. Leaves of Vernonia amygdalina were collected from 20 georeferenced villages and processed into powder in the laboratory using standard methods. These were then analyzed in the laboratory using an atomic absorption spectrometer for lead (Pb), chromium (Cr), copper (Cu), zinc (Zn), cobalt (Co), iron (Fe), cadmium (Cd), and nickel (Ni). Concentrations were compared against the World Health Organization (WHO) limits. The EDI, THQ, and ILCR were modelled and significance was measured at 95% confidence. Results. The study showed that mean ± SEM concentrations of heavy metals were highest in the order of Cr, 121.8 ± 4.291 ppm > Ni, 84.09 ± 2.725 ppm > Zn, 53.87 ± 2.277 ppm > Pb, 40.61 ± 3.891 ppm > Cu, 28.75 ± 2.202 ppm > Fe, 14.15 ± 0.7271 ppm > Co, 7.923 ± 0.7674 ppm > Cd, 0.1163 ± 0.005714 ppm. Concentrations of Pb, Cr, Zn, Co, and Ni were significantly higher than the WHO limits. The EDI was significantly higher in children than in adults, demonstrating an increased risk of toxicity in children. The THQ and ILCR were over 1000 times higher in all Ugandans, demonstrating the undesirable health risks following oral consumption of Vernonia amygdalina due to very high Cr and Ni toxicities, respectively. Conclusion. Consumption of raw Vernonia amygdalina was associated with a high carcinogenic risk, demonstrating a need to enact policies to promote physiochemical screening of herbal medicines used in developing countries against toxic compounds.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Consumption of Raw Herbal Medicines Is Associated with Major Public Health Risks amongst Ugandans

Ssempijja

Kasozi

Eze

et al. 2020

Journal of Environmental and Public Health

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“…Similar to TZDs, dietary betaine could be a better option in heat stressed lactating cows [159]. Chromium supplementation is also being shown to have improved energy metabolism and production in the heat stressed lactating cows [160][161][162].…”

Section: Mitigation Strategiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nutritional Physiology and Biochemistry of Dairy Cattle under the Influence of Heat Stress: Consequences and Opportunities

Sammad

Wang

Umer

et al. 2020

Animals

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Higher milk yield and prolificacy of the modern dairy cattle requires high metabolism activities to support them. It causes high heat production by the body, which coupled with increasing environmental temperatures results in heat stress (HS). Production, health, and welfare of modern cattle are severely jeopardized due to their low adaptability to hot conditions. Animal activates a variety of physiological, endocrine, and behavioral mechanisms to cope with HS. Traditionally, decreased feed intake is considered as the major factor towards negative energy balance (NEBAL) leading to a decline in milk production. However, reciprocal changes related to insulin; glucose metabolism; failure of adipose mobilization; and skeletal muscle metabolism have appeared to be the major culprits behind HS specific NEBAL. There exists high insulin activity and glucose become preferential energy fuel. Physiological biochemistry of the heat stressed cows is characterized by low-fat reserves derived NEFA (non-esterified fatty acids) response, despite high energy demands. Besides these, physiological and gut-associated changes and poor feeding practices can further compromise the welfare and production of the heat-stressed cows. Better understanding of HS specific nutritional physiology and metabolic biochemistry of the dairy cattle will primarily help to devise practical interventions in this context. Proper assessment of the HS in cattle and thereby applying relevant cooling measures at dairy seems to be the basic mitigation approach. Score of the nutritional strategies be applied in the eve of HS should target supporting physiological responses of abatement and fulfilling the deficiencies possessed, such as water and minerals. Second line of abatement constitutes proper feeding, which could augment metabolic activities and synergizes energy support. The third line of supplemental supports should be directed towards modulating the metabolic (propionates, thiazolidinediones, dietary buffers, probiotics, and fermentates) and antioxidant responses (vitamins). Comprehensive understanding of the energetic metabolism dynamics under the impact of incremental heat load and complete outlook of pros and cons of the dietary ameliorating substances together with the discovery of the newer relevant supplementations constitutes the future avenues in this context.

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“… 33 , 34 If ingested beyond acceptable limits, exposure to Cr could lead to anemia, damage to the male reproductive system, gastrointestinal irritation and heart-related diseases like cardiovascular and respiratory challenges. 35 , 36 , 37 Guertin, 2004 reported that trivalent chromium is considered an essential trace element, while hexavalent chromium is carcinogenic in humans which could lead to stomach tumors. 33 …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Heavy Metals and Health Risks Associated with Consumption of Herbal Plants Sold in a Major Urban Market in Southwest, Nigeria

Olusola

Akintan

Erhenhi

et al. 2021

Journal of Health and Pollution

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Background. Although herbal medicines play an important role as a source of medicine, concerns have been raised about the risks posed by consumption of these plants, especially if consumed above permissible levels. Objectives. This study was undertaken to assess the level of exposure, toxicity and health risk associated with the consumption of herbal plants in Ado Ekiti urban market, Nigeria. Methods. Ten commonly consumed herbal plants sold in Ado Ekiti urban market were subjected to heavy metal analysis. Health risk assessment was carried out to determine the estimated daily intake (EDI) of heavy metals, health risk index (HRI), target hazard quotient for non-carcinogenic risk and estimation of cancer risk (ECR). Results. The EDIs for lead (Pb), nickel (Ni), chromium (Cr), copper (Cu) and magnesium (Mn) were above the upper tolerable daily intake reference for all studied plant species in both children and adults, an indication that herbal use poses a short-term to long-term health risk to consumers of these herbal products. The EDI for children was significantly lower compared to that of adults, indicating higher risks for adult consumers of these herbal products. The HRI in children for Pb (Alstonia congensis, Terminalia avicennioides, Aframomum melegueta, Cymbopogon citratus and Napoleona vogelii) were greater than 1; HRI in Cu and Mn also showed an unusually high concentration, an indication that long term exposure to the consumption of these herbal plants poses a serious health risk. The HRI in children and adults follows the order Mn > Cu > Ni > Pb > Cr; cadmium (Cd) was not detected in any of the herbal plants. The ECR for Pb, Ni and Cr present in the herbal plants for children ranged between 10−6 (low) to 10−3 (high), while the ECR for Pb, Ni and Cr for herbal plants for adults ranged between 10−5 (acceptable) to 10−2 (unacceptable). For both children and adults, there is a call for concern due to ECRs above the acceptable range; the consumption of these herbal plants poses a long-term cancer risk. Conclusions. In both children and adults, ECRs for some of the herbal plants in the present study above the acceptable range present a risk to human health. The consumption of such herbal plants poses a long-term cancer risk. Competing Interests. The authors declare no competing financial interests.

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Chromium supplementation improves glucose metabolism and vaginal temperature regulation in Girolando cows under heat stress conditions in a climatic chamber

Cited by 11 publications

References 25 publications

Consumption of Raw Herbal Medicines Is Associated with Major Public Health Risks amongst Ugandans

Consumption of Raw Herbal Medicines Is Associated with Major Public Health Risks amongst Ugandans

Nutritional Physiology and Biochemistry of Dairy Cattle under the Influence of Heat Stress: Consequences and Opportunities

Heavy Metals and Health Risks Associated with Consumption of Herbal Plants Sold in a Major Urban Market in Southwest, Nigeria

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