Chromium Pollution: Impact on Plants and its Mitigation

Rani, P. Prasuna; Arya, Ramesh Chandra; Dwivedi, Shubha

doi:10.1007/978-981-15-6121-4_23

Cited by 4 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 67 publications

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“…Phytochelatins (PCs) are vital defense substances produced from GSH, which chelates toxic metals, thereby protecting cell organelles against the damaging effect of metal toxicities including Cr [ 68 ]. After the binding of PCs with Cr, the complex of PC–Cr is transferred to the vacuole, decreasing the cytoplasmic free Cr [ 69 ]. GSH can also bind Cr with the thiol (-SH) group [ 66 ], thus, GSH, a precursor of PCs, is able to bind Cr and move it to the vacuole in a non-toxic form [ 70 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

5-Aminolevulinic Acid Induces Chromium [Cr(VI)] Tolerance in Tomatoes by Alleviating Oxidative Damage and Protecting Photosystem II: A Mechanistic Approach

Kaya

Uğurlar

Ashraf

et al. 2023

Plants

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Chromium [Cr(VI)] pollution is a major environmental risk, reducing crop yields. 5-Aminolevunic acid (5-ALA) considerably improves plant abiotic stress tolerance by inducing hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and nitric oxide (NO) signalling. Our investigation aimed to uncover the mechanism of tomato tolerance to Cr(VI) toxicity through the foliar application of 5-ALA for three days, fifteen days before Cr treatment. Chromium alone decreased plant biomass and photosynthetic pigments, but increased oxidative stress markers, i.e., H2O2 and lipid peroxidation (as MDA equivalent). Electrolyte leakage (EL), NO, nitrate reductase (NR), phytochelatins (PCs), glutathione (GSH), and enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidants were also increased. Foliar application of 5-ALA before Cr treatment improved plant growth and photosynthetic pigments, diminished H2O2, MDA content, and EL, and resulted in additional enhancements of enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidants, NR activity, and NO synthesis. In Cr-treated tomato seedlings, 5-ALA enhanced GSH and PCs, which modulated Cr sequestration to make it nontoxic. 5-ALA-induced Cr tolerance was further enhanced by sodium nitroprusside (SNP), a NO donor. When sodium tungstate (ST), a NR inhibitor, was supplied together with 5-ALA to Cr-treated plants, it eliminated the beneficial effects of 5-ALA by decreasing NR activity and NO synthesis, while the addition of SNP inverted the adverse effects of ST. We conclude that the mechanism by which 5-ALA induced Cr tolerance in tomato seedlings is mediated by NR-generated NO. Thus, NR and NO are twin players, reducing Cr toxicity in tomato plants via antioxidant signalling cascades.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

5-Aminolevulinic Acid Induces Chromium [Cr(VI)] Tolerance in Tomatoes by Alleviating Oxidative Damage and Protecting Photosystem II: A Mechanistic Approach

Kaya

Uğurlar

Ashraf

et al. 2023

Plants

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“…Chromium has harmful effects on plant physiological processes such as photosynthesis, water relations and mineral nutrition, germination, growth and development of roots and leaves. The metabolic changes made by chromium in plants are either directly on enzymes and plant metabolites or through the creation of active oxygen species that cause oxidative stress [117,118].…”

Section: Chromium (Cr)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Heavy Metals in Surface Soils and Crops

Velayatzadeh¹

2023

Heavy Metals - Recent Advances

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In the era of industrialization and technological progress, pollution has reduced the quality of life for humans. Heavy metal pollution is one of the main causes of environmental degradation. The underlying causes are natural as well as human. Heavy metal contamination of soil has become a worldwide environmental issue that has attracted considerable public attention, mainly due to increased concern for the safety of agricultural products. Heavy metals refer to some metals and metals with biological toxicity such as cadmium, mercury, arsenic, lead and chromium. These elements enter the soil agricultural ecosystem through natural processes resulting from raw materials and through human activities. Heavy metal pollution is a great threat to the health and well-being of animals and humans due to the risk of potential accumulation through the food chain. The main sources of heavy metal pollution are air pollution, river sediments, sewage sludge and municipal waste compost, agricultural chemicals such as fertilizers and pesticides, and industrial wastes such as factories that release chemicals. Heavy metals can enter the water supply through industrial and consumer wastes or even from acid rain that decomposes soils and releases heavy metals into streams, lakes, rivers and groundwater.

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“…Paddy plants have high efficiency for the uptake, transport, and accumulation of Cr and its species Cr(III) and Cr(VI) (Rani et al, 2020) through particular transporters that absorb ions essential for the plant's metabolic activity (Singh et al, 2013). Trivalent chromium is mainly taken up and translocated in plants via a passive mechanism (Ali et al, 2020).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%