Chromium in exhaled breath condensate and pulmonary tissue of non-small cell lung cancer patients

Goldoni, Matteo; Caglieri, Andrea; Corradi, Massimo; Poli, Diana; Rusca, Michele; Carbognani, Paolo; Mutti, Antonio

doi:10.1007/s00420-007-0242-8

Cited by 24 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 30 publications

(26 reference statements)

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“…The concentration of endothelin-1, a molecule with known mitogenic activity, was increased in EBC of lung cancer patients compared to controls [96]. Furthermore, the level of chromium, a heavy metal usually associated with occupational lung diseases, was elevated in EBC from patients with lung cancer without known exposure to heavy metals [97].…”

Section: Other Markersmentioning

confidence: 91%

Exhaled biomarkers in lung cancer

Horváth

Lázár

Gyulai

et al. 2009

European Respiratory Journal

239

206

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Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer death. Results of therapeutic interventions are particularly discouraging when the disease is discovered in an advanced stage. Early diagnosis is limited by the fact that the disease usually develops asymptomatically and available screening methods do not fulfil the requirements for reliable discrimination between patients with lung cancer and subjects not suffering from the disease. Breath sampling is completely noninvasive and provides a potentially useful approach to screening lung cancer. Exhaled biomarkers contain both volatile and nonvolatile molecules. The profile of volatile organic compounds is different in patients with lung cancer than in control subjects. In exhaled breath condensate, the proteomic profile of breath from cancer patients differs from that of healthy smokers. We reviewed the scientific evidence demonstrating that a unique chemical signature can be detected in the breath of patients with lung cancer and that the exhaled breath biomarker profile could aid clinical decision making.KEYWORDS: Biomarker, electronic nose, exhaled breath, exhaled breath condensate, lung cancer, smell L ung cancer is the leading cause of global cancer death in both males and females. According to the most recent projection of global mortality, by 2030 it will emerge as the third and the fifth leading cause of death in highand middle-income countries, respectively [1,2]. Figures on disease outcome measures are very discouraging as even with the most advanced treatment strategies ,86% of lung cancer patients die within 5 yrs of diagnosis. With early detection and treatment, however, the 5-yr survival rate improves dramatically from 20% in patients with stage III lung cancer to 70% in patients with stage I disease [3]. Researchers, therefore, have sought out screening tests to detect lung cancer in the earliest stages and several promising new approaches have been proposed for this purpose, such as computer-assisted image analysis of chest radiographs, spiral computed tomography (CT) scanning, PCR-based assays of sputum and fluorescence bronchoscopy [4][5][6][7].Breath chemical tests have a broad spectrum of applications ranging from the US Food and Drug Administration-approved exhaled nitric oxide fraction (FeNO) measurement to monitor the effect of anti-inflammatory treatment in asthma, to volatile organic compound (VOC) determination and nonvolatile biomarker profiling in the cooled breath sample called exhaled breath condensate (EBC) [8][9][10][11]. Being completely noninvasive, sampling of the breath allows clinicians and researchers to assess different body functions in a flexible manner. Breath collection can be performed even in very severe patients and also repeated within short intervals. Therefore, breath testing is considered to be a potentially ideal candidate for screening purposes. Besides widely known constituents such as nitrogen, oxygen, carbon dioxide, inert gases and water vapour, exhaled breath also consists of thousands of volatile and nonv...

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Section: Other Markersmentioning

confidence: 91%

Exhaled biomarkers in lung cancer

Horváth

Lázár

Gyulai

et al. 2009

European Respiratory Journal

239

206

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“…(6) Recently, another study found that exhaled particle concentrations increased 4-to 18-fold when inhaling deeply and rapidly after a deep exhalation, hypothesizing that the opening of airways and alveoli blocked by fluid during inhalation is a significant source of particles. (13) Identifying the origin of these particles is important when interpreting studies of exhaled breath biomarkers, including cytokines, (14)(15)(16)(17)(18)(19) metals, (20)(21)(22) and pathogens such as viruses (9,23) and bacteria. (24) This report describes a study of exhaled particles in the setting of human rhinovirus (HRV) experimental infection, and includes adjacent experiments on the effect of breathing maneuvers on exhaled particle number and size distribution in healthy subjects.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Origin of Exhaled Breath Particles from Healthy and Human Rhinovirus-Infected Subjects

Fabian¹,

Brain²,

Houseman

et al. 2011

Journal of Aerosol Medicine and Pulmonary Drug Delivery

148

158

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Background: Exhaled breath studies suggest that humans exhale fine particles during tidal breathing, but little is known of their physical origin in the respiratory system during health or disease. Methods: Particles generated by 3 healthy and 16 human rhinovirus (HRV)-infected subjects were counted using an optical particle counter with nominal diameter-size bins ranging between 0.3 and 10 mm. Data were collected from HRV-infected subjects during tidal breathing. In addition, data from healthy subjects were collected during coughs, swallows, tidal breathing, and breathing to total lung capacity (TLC) and residual volume (RV). Using general additive models, we graphed exhaled particle concentration versus airflow during exhalation. Exhaled particles were collected from expired air on gelatin filters and analyzed for HRV via quantitative PCR. Results: HRV-infected subjects exhaled from 0.1 to 7200 particles per liter of exhaled air during tidal breathing (geometric mean ¼ 32 part/L). A small fraction (24%) of subjects exhaled most (81%) of the particles measured and 82% of particles detected were 0.300-0.499 mm. Minute ventilation, maximum airflow during exhalation, and forced expiratory volume 1 second (FEV 1 % predicted) were positively correlated with particle production. No human rhinovirus was detected in exhaled breath samples. Three healthy subjects exhaled less than 100 particles per liter of exhaled air during tidal breathing and increased particle concentrations more with exhalation to RV than with coughing, swallowing, or rapid exhalation. Conclusions: Submicron particles were detected in the exhaled breath of healthy and HRV-infected subjects. Particle concentrations were correlated with airflow during the first half of exhalation, and peaked at the end of exhalation, indicating both lower and upper airways as particle sources. The effect of breathing maneuver suggested a major contribution from lower airways, probably the result of opening collapsed small airways and alveoli.

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“…If suitable, EBC analysis would oVer the potential to strike a favourable compromise between complexity and accuracy, but only if its higher expense in terms of time and equipment is outweighed by a substantially higher precision compared to urine analysis. , 2008 published the only Weld studies measuring metallic elements with an EBC application to date. In 33 workers exposed to Co and WC powders and 16 non-exposed controls, two EBC and urinary samples were collected before and at the end of the work shift, respectively.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…No other essential function of cobalt has been reported. (Vouk 1986;Gerhardsson and Skerfving 1996;Institute of Medicine 1998, 2008Barceloux 1999).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Comparison between exhaled breath condensate analysis as a marker for cobalt and tungsten exposure and biomonitoring in workers of a hard metal alloy processing plant

Broding

Michalke

Göen

et al. 2008

Int Arch Occup Environ Health

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According to our study, urinary concentrations of Co and W seem to be more reliable indicators of current workplace exposure than EBC concentrations. As far as new methods and exposure matrices for valid concentration measurements in respiratory organs and possible hazardous effects--especially of cobalt--in the lung are concerned, the present results are less clear-cut, and further research is required.

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Chromium in exhaled breath condensate and pulmonary tissue of non-small cell lung cancer patients

Cited by 24 publications

References 30 publications

Exhaled biomarkers in lung cancer

Exhaled biomarkers in lung cancer

Origin of Exhaled Breath Particles from Healthy and Human Rhinovirus-Infected Subjects

Comparison between exhaled breath condensate analysis as a marker for cobalt and tungsten exposure and biomonitoring in workers of a hard metal alloy processing plant

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