Abstract:Hybrid laser technology for synthesizing doped, nanocomposite, single and multilayers of amorphous or nanocrystalline materials are presented. The technique use method of pulsed laser deposition (PLD) or combination of PLD with magnetron sputtering, radiofrequency discharges or two PLD running together. Examples of deposition and study of doped biocompatible materials as Cr: DLC, Ti: DLC, Ag: DLC, Ag: hydroxyapatite, and enhancement of sp3-DLC layers bonds by in situ ion gun bombardment are given.Key words: PLD, hybrid PLD, biocompatible coating, implants.
IntroductionBiomaterials, i.e. natural or artificial materials designed for application in biotechnologies and medicine, are widely used for replacing irreversibly damaged tissues in the human body. Biomaterials have to meet the requirements for well-functioning and long-term durability of the implants, namely biocompatibility, good corrosion and fatigue resistance, wear resistance and biomechanical compatibility [1]. In many cases a single coating material alone cannot fulfil the technical requirements. To improve physical, mechanical and biocompatible properties of implant coatings, the layers can be doped (enriched) with other elements.The cheapest way for laser fabrication of doped biocompatible coating is to cover the rotating target material (matrix) with a piece of dopant material. But in present study of layers, multilayers and superlattices of doped biocompatible materials the focus is on increasing flexibility and range of deposition conditions by way of combining PLD with magnetron sputtering (MS), PLD with RF discharges, ion gun layers modification and on the combination of two simultaneously running PLD systems (dual PLD). The methods allow carefully study the influence of dopation on a large scale of dopants and to create nanocomposite biomaterials of new properties [2] Experiences with deposition of chromium, silver and titanium doped diamond-like carbon (DLC) and hydroxyapatite (HA) films and ferroelectric BaTiO3 multilayers for coating of metallic bone implants are presented. Layers of different dopants concentration and ferroelectric-based multilayers were prepared. Overwiev of our research in that direction and the results of physical and biomedical analysis are presented in summary. The doped and multilayer biocompatible coatings were prepared by PLD, PLD combined with radiofrequency discharges (RF), PLD with magnetron sputtering (MS), PLD with ion bombardment, and by dual PLD. The two KrF excimer lasers (LUMONICS PM 842, λ = 248 nm, τ = 20 ns and COMPexProTM 205 F, λ = 248 nm, τ = 20 ns) were used. (Fig. 1) The energy density of laser beam on the target ranged from 2 to 16 Jcm -2 , repetition rate of pulses were from 1 to 50 Hz, argon atmosphere pressure from 10 -4 Pa (vacuum) to 1 Pa. Thin layers of DLC were deposited on fused silica (FS), Si (100) or metallic substrates. The substrate deposition temperature for DLC films was T S = 20°C. The target-substrate distance (D T-S ) was 45 mm for PLD, 85 mm for MS, and 260 mm for ion bo...