Chromatographic Separation, using Chemically Treated Paper, of Aldehydes and Ketones on the Basis of their Reactivity

Newcombe, Alan G.; Reid, Suazette

doi:10.1038/172455a0

Cited by 20 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 4 publications

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“…Lipid classes were identified by comparison with known standards run on the same plates and the contribution of the various lipid classes to total lipid, was determined using scanning densitometry (Olsen & Henderson, 1989). The methyl and ethyl ketones were identified by spraying the plates with 2,4-dinitrophenylhydrazine following Newcombe & Reid (1953).…”

Section: Lipid Analysesmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Lipid Composition of the CoccolithophoreEmiliania Huxleyiand Its Possible Ecophysiological Significance

Pond

Harris

1996

J. Mar. Biol. Ass.

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The lipid class and fatty acid composition of eight geographically disperse isolates of Emiliania huxleyi, grown under 12 h L:D cycles and harvested during logarithmic and stationary growth phases, were examined. Cell size and chlorophyll content tended to decrease from logarithmic to stationary growth phase, Methyl and ethyl ketones were the dominant lipid classes, although proportions exhibited no clear pattern either between strains or growth phases. Neutral lipid hardly accumulated over the course of the growth experiments, and triacylglycerol was either absent or only present at low levels. In all strains with the exception of a South African isolate, levels of total fatty acid per cell decreased markedly between logarithmic and stationary phases, primarily attributable to reductions in the levels of saturated and monounsaturated fatty acids. Major fatty acids in all strains during both growth phases were 14:0,16:0,18:1 (n-9), 18:4 (n-3), 18:5 (n-3) and 22:6 (n-3). Although all strains were rich in polyunsaturated fatty acids (47–72% of total fatty acids) stationary phase cultures consistently contained the highest proportions. The polyunsaturated fatty acid docosahexanoic acid (22:6, n-3) was the most abundant fatty acid in all strains, comprising a maximum of 38·4% of total fatty acids in strain M 181 during stationary phase. Multivariate analysis (PCA) allowed logarithmic and stationary phase cultures to be distinguished although no obvious intra-isolate variability was apparent. The results are discussed in terms of the importance of lipids for the ecophysiology of E. huxleyi and the role of this dominant coccolithophore in the marine food chain.

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Section: Lipid Analysesmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Lipid Composition of the CoccolithophoreEmiliania Huxleyiand Its Possible Ecophysiological Significance

Pond

Harris

1996

J. Mar. Biol. Ass.

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“…and incubated for 6 h at 37 C in a sealed, moist, oxygenated chamber (43). After the chromatograms dried, they were sprayed with 2, 4-dinitrophenylhydrazine in HCl (34) to demonstrate the presence of keto acids derived from D-amino acids. The same procedure was carried out with L-amino acid oxidase (Sigma).…”

Section: Omz 176mentioning

confidence: 99%

Antigens of Streptococcus mutans I. Characterization of a Serotype-Specific Determinant from Streptococcus mutans

Rijn

Bleiweis

1973

Infect Immun

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A membrane-associated glycerol teichoic acid antigen has been isolated from Streptococcus mutans AHT and a similar antigen has been demonstrated to be present in each of the other Bratthall serotype a organisms studied. Trichloroacetic acid-extracted material was resolved into two phosphorus-containing antigenic fractions (B and C) by agarose chromatography. Fraction B was preliminarily identified as a phospholipid moiety with a glycerol-to-phosphorus ratio of 2: 1, and fraction C showed a ratio of 1: 1 indicative of a glycerol teichoic acid. This latter fraction also was associated with glucose, galactose, alanine, and fatty acids. Diglycerol triphosphate, the compound characteristically released from 1-3 phosphodiester-linked glycerol teichoic acids by alkaline hydrolysis, was isolated and characterized. Alanine was identified as its alkaline-labile, ester-linked D-isomer. A glyceride was isolated containing a disaccharide of glucose and galactose attached to the 2-hydroxyl group of glycerol. Hapten inhibition analysis demonstrated that ,8-galactosides were the greatest inhibitors of the precipitin reaction (> 75%), whereas glucose and its derivatives inhibited to a much lesser extent (<30%). Comparative immunodiffusion and immunoelectrophoresis analyses demonstrated that all six Bratthall serotype a organisms tested contained this antigenic determinant and that it was absent in serotypes b, c, and d. It is suggested that the common antigenic determinant of this serotype within S. mutans may be a f3-galactoside associated with a glycerol teichoic acid and possibly other polymers. An etiologic agent responsible for dental caries in rodents and humans was recently isolated and identified as Streptococcus mutans (12, 24, 27, 48). Most strains of S. mutans are serologically unrelated to any of the Lancefield groups identified to date (10). Employing either genetic or serologic criteria, Bratthall (8, 9), Coykendall (14, 15, 16), de Stoppelaar (17), and Jablon and Zinner (30, 47) subdivided strains of S. mutans into several major groups. Most recently, Bratthall (10) defined five "serotypes" (a-e) within this cariogenic species by means of comparative immunoelectrophoresis of Lancefield extracts. Extracts of S. mutans serotype e were found to cross-react with antisera prepared against Lancefield group E organisms. The remaining four serotypes do not cross-react with other known serologic groups. ' Authorized for publication as paper number 4741 in the Journal Series of the Florida Agricultural Experiment Station.

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“…The disappearance of aldehyde groups was confirmed by incubating an aliquot of this system with 0.4 0 4 2,4-dinitrophenylhydrazine in 2 M HCI followed by addition of lo:( NaOH [16]. The solution was then adjusted to pH 7.4 with 6 M HCI to destroy excess borohydride, applied to a Sephadex-G10 column and chromatographed as described above.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Interaction of Human Blood Platelets with the 2′,3′‐Dialdehyde and 2′,3′‐Dialcohol Derivatives of Adenosine 5′‐Diphosphate and Adenosine 5′‐Triphosphate

Pearce

Wright

Egan

et al. 1978

European Journal of Biochemistry

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1. The 2',3'-dialdehyde derivative of ADP (oADP) at concentrations approaching the millimolar range induces human blood platelets to undergo the transition from discoid to globular morphology (the 'shape change') but is incapable of inducing aggregation.2. When incubated with platelets for 1 min before addition of the agonist, oADP acts as a competitive inhibitor of shape change and aggregation induced by ADP. Under these conditions secretion and hence aggregation induced by low concentrations of collagen ; and secretion and hence secondary aggregation induced by adrenaline, thrombin and vasopressin are also inhibited by this analogue. In addition, oADP stimulates the rate of primary aggregation induced by adrenaline and causes partial inhibition of primary aggregation induced by thrombin or vasopressin. When longer preincubation times are employed the extent of inhibition with respect to all agonists, except for high concentrations of collagen, is increased and the competitive character of the inhibition with respect to ADP is no longer apparent.3. Incubation of human platelets with the 2',3'-dialdehyde derivative of ATP (oATP) causes effects similar to those described for oADP except that the analogue neither induces platelet shape change, nor stimulates the rate of primary aggregation induced by adrenaline. In addition oATP fails to cause significant inhibition of platelet shape change induced by serotonin. The extent and character of inhibition caused by addition of oATP is not a function of the time of incubation.4. The 2',3'-dialcohol derivatives of ADP and ATP (orADP and orATP) effect the aggregation properties of human blood platelets in a manner generally resembling those observed for the 2',3'-dialdehyde analogues. However, orADP is only weakly effective in causing platelet shape change and stimulating the rate of primary aggregation induced by adrenaline and does not inhibit secretion induced by adrenaline, collagen, thrombin and vasopressin. The extent of inhibition by OI-ADP increases only slightly with increased time of incubation. 5.The data suggest that oADP acts as a partial agonist, and oATP as an antagonist, at the platelet ADP receptor, but that platelet membrane stabilisation also results from interaction with these dialdehyde analogues. Such membrane stabilisation does not complicate the interaction of platelets with orADP, which appears to act as a classical antagonist for the ADP receptor.Many agonists are capable of inducing platelet aggregation including adrenaline, thrombin, vasopressin and serotonin. In citrated plasma and under suitable conditions these agonists induce a biphasic response in which only the first, or reversible, phase is the direct result of platelet-agonist interaction. This initial interaction causes secretion of platelet constituents some of which are themselves inducers of aggregation and hence cause a further response associated ~~ -~ Ahhwviu/iorw. oATP and oADP. the 2',3'-dialdehyde derivatibe of ATP and ADP; orATP and orADP, the 2',3'-dialcohol derivative of AT...

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Chromatographic Separation, using Chemically Treated Paper, of Aldehydes and Ketones on the Basis of their Reactivity

Cited by 20 publications

References 4 publications

The Lipid Composition of the CoccolithophoreEmiliania Huxleyiand Its Possible Ecophysiological Significance

The Lipid Composition of the CoccolithophoreEmiliania Huxleyiand Its Possible Ecophysiological Significance

Antigens of Streptococcus mutans I. Characterization of a Serotype-Specific Determinant from Streptococcus mutans

Interaction of Human Blood Platelets with the 2′,3′‐Dialdehyde and 2′,3′‐Dialcohol Derivatives of Adenosine 5′‐Diphosphate and Adenosine 5′‐Triphosphate

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