Chromatographic Investigations of Smokeless Powder

Schroeder, W. A.; Malmberg, Earl W.; Fong, Laura L.; Trueblood, K. N.; Landerl, Janet D.; Hoerger, Earl

doi:10.1021/ie50480a037

Cited by 46 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 6 publications

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“…Loss of stabilizer has been reported earlier by Schroeder (5) . When the DPA had been consumed only 60% of the stabilizer could be retrieved as derivatives.…”

Section: Loss Of Stabilizersupporting

confidence: 61%

“…Schroeder (5) suggests that the compound, difficult to extract from the nitrocellulose, is related to diphenylamine blue N,N',N''-triphenyl-pararosaniline hydrochloride. The green colour observed in our experiments could also be a blend of yellow and blue.…”

Section: Stability Of Extracted Nitrocellulosementioning

confidence: 99%

“…An exception is Schroeder (5) . Also very little is said about the initial reaction taking place between stabilizer, nitric oxides and NC.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Reactions in Stabilizer and Between Stabilizer and Nitrocellulose in Propellants

Lindblom¹

2002

Propellants, Explosives, Pyrotechnics

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HPLC analysis of the stabilizer is one of the major methods in use for surveillance testing of diphenylamine (DPA) stabilized propellants. Often 0.2% DPA is used as a minimum content for safe propellants. In most cases the propellant can be stored much longer after this limit has been reached without any risk for self‐ignition. We report here about a reaction where DPA bonds to nitrocellulose, leaving a non extractable aromatic stabilizing compound left in the propellant, resulting in a longer time to autocatalysis than predicted. Diphenylnitramine is discussed as a possible intermediary compound occurring from the reaction between DPA and nitrocellulose. This should add to a better understanding of the degradation processes in propellants.

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“…Loss of stabilizer has been reported earlier by Schroeder (5) . When the DPA had been consumed only 60% of the stabilizer could be retrieved as derivatives.…”

Section: Loss Of Stabilizersupporting

confidence: 61%

Section: Stability Of Extracted Nitrocellulosementioning

confidence: 99%

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Reactions in Stabilizer and Between Stabilizer and Nitrocellulose in Propellants

Lindblom¹

2002

Propellants, Explosives, Pyrotechnics

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“…nISCUSSION I t is evident that between pH 4 and 10 the yellow end products formed during shortwave ultraviolet radiation of diphenylamine-nitrate mixtures, either in solution or on paper, consist largely of 2-nitrodiphenylamine and 4-nitrodiphenylamine. While the actual mechanism whereby these derivatives are formed remains uncertain, two pathways appear possible, (a) direct N-nitrosation of diphenylamine followed by rearrangement to the C-nitroso compound and subsequent oxidation ( G ) , and (b) direct nitration of the phenyl rings (7).…”

Section: ( D ) Xitrite and Diphenylaminementioning

confidence: 99%

The Reaction Between Diphenylamine and Nitrates in Ultraviolet Light

Coldwell¹,

McLean²

1959

Can. J. Chem.

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Under the activating influence of short-wave ultraviolet light, diphenylamine and nitrate ions in solution or on lilter paper react to yield a yellow-colored product. Between pH 4 and 10 this consists mainly of 2-nitrocliphenylamine and 4-nitrodiphenylamine. Over this range of pH, the absorption nlaxima a t 405 mp did not shift; however, the intensity of absorption appeared t o reach a minin1~11n a t or near neutrality and then increase rapidly as the solution was made more alkaline. The reaction rate was not affected by lowering the concentration of diphenylamine from 0.38% t o 0.038%. r \ similar change in nitrate concentration decreased the rate 5.4 times. No evidence of nitroso compounds was found. Possible mechanisms are suggested.

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“…hohen Lagertemperaturen auf. Bei Raumtemperatur wird vorrangig die Bildung von monound dinitrierten Diphenylaminen beobachtet, trinitrierte Produkte treten bereits in den Hintergrund (Schroeder et aL 1949, Archer 1975, De Jong & Verweij 1988, Espinoza & Thornton 1994. Weiterhin findet auch Mononitrodiphenylamin als Stabilisator Verwendung; beispielsweise enth~ilt der heute noch eingesetzte Torpedotreibstoff Otto Fuel II 1,5% 2-Nitrodiphenylamin (Powell et al 1998).…”

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