Chromatographic and electrophoretic techniques used in the analysis of triazole antifungal agents—a review

Ekiert, Radosław J; Krzek, Jan; Talik, Przemysław

doi:10.1016/j.talanta.2010.06.056

Cited by 45 publications

(30 citation statements)

References 139 publications

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“…HPLC is still considered the gold standard, but the protocols used are characterized by moderately laborious preanalytical processes and are costly, as specialized equipment and trained personnel are needed, hindering their implementation in daily clinical laboratory practice. In recent years, there has been a growing trend in the development of protocols of liquid chromatography in conjunction with mass spectrometry, which lead to rapid high-resolution separation analysis, but these are extremely expensive and not widely available for routine clinical workups (32). As a result, microbiological assays represent an attractive alternative testing methodology characterized by greater technical simplicity and lower cost.…”

Section: Isolatementioning

confidence: 99%

Bioassay for Determining Voriconazole Serum Levels in Patients Receiving Combination Therapy with Echinocandins

Siopi

Neroutsos

Zisaki

et al. 2016

Antimicrob Agents Chemother

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Voriconazole is characterized by nonlinear pharmacokinetics due to saturation of its metabolism, resulting in unpredictable exposure with standard dosing regimens. Furthermore, it exhibits substantial inter-and intrapatient variability (88 to 100%), as many physiological, pathological, and pharmacological variables affect its serum concentrations (1). A correlation between serum concentrations and toxicity or response has been reported (2), whereas the benefit of therapeutic-drug monitoring (TDM) of voriconazole in the clinical setting has been demonstrated in many clinical studies, including a randomized clinical trial (3-7). Therefore, TDM of voriconazole is an important tool in individualized therapy, leading to dosage optimization in order to maximize the therapeutic effect and minimize toxicity.The clinical use and value of TDM are related to accurate, rapid, and cost-effective assays. Specifically, voriconazole levels in body fluids are often determined by using chromatographic or microbiological methods. Although high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) is still considered the gold standard, bioassays are frequently adopted and routinely performed because of their relative technical simplicity and low consumable and equipment costs, while there are several data indicating the concordance of results between the two methods (8-13). Nevertheless, current microbiological assays are lacking specificity in cases of antifungal combination therapy, as they do not allow the separation and simultaneous quantification of each individual compound. In light of the recent encouraging data from a large prospective randomized clinical trial on antifungal combination therapy (14), voriconazole may be combined with echinocandins in order to increase efficacy and overcome the limitations of voriconazole monotherapy, such as the long time to reach steady state, subtherapeutic levels, and difficult-to-treat infections (e.g., central nervous system [CNS] infections and those caused by azoleresistant pathogens) (15, 16). We therefore developed and validated an agar diffusion bioassay to determine voriconazole concentrations in the serum samples from patients on combination therapy with echinocandins.

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Section: Isolatementioning

confidence: 99%

Bioassay for Determining Voriconazole Serum Levels in Patients Receiving Combination Therapy with Echinocandins

Siopi

Neroutsos

Zisaki

et al. 2016

Antimicrob Agents Chemother

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“…Posaconazole is weakly basic because of the presence of heterocyclic nitrogen atoms [3,16]. The effect of pH on the signal intensities of posaconazole was investigated from 3.0 to 8.0 (see Figure S1 in Supplemental Material).…”

Section: Optimization Of Dllmementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Posaconazole is currently available as an oral suspension and shows high interindividual differences in oral bioavailability. The analytical methods used to monitor posaconazole have been reviewed by Ekiert et al [3]. Different methods have been reported for analyzing posaconazole in human plasma [4][5][6].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Detection of Posaconazole by Surface-Assisted Laser Desorption/Ionization Mass Spectrometry with Dispersive Liquid–Liquid Microextraction

Lin

Chen

Chang

2015

J. Am. Soc. Mass Spectrom.

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Abstract. A simple, rapid, and sensitive method for the detection of posaconazole using dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction (DLLME) coupled to surface-assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometric detection (SALDI/MS) was developed. After the DLLME, posaconazole was detected using SALDI/MS with colloidal gold and α-cyano-4-hydroxycinnamic acid (CHCA) as the co-matrix. Under optimal extraction and detection conditions, the calibration curve, which ranged from 1.0 to 100.0 nM for posaconazole, was observed to be linear. The limit of detection (LOD) at a signal-to-noise ratio of 3 was 0.3 nM for posaconazole. This novel method was successfully applied to the determination of posaconazole in human urine samples.

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“…Consequently fungal growth and replication of its DNA are inhibited. Moreover azoles decrease the adhesion potential of pathogen cells to host tissues and morphogenetic transformation of yeasts to mycelial form [1,2]. The chemical structure of the studied azole antifungal drugs; fluconazole (FLU), 2-(2,4-Difluorophenyl)-1,3-bis(1H-1,2,4-triazol-1-yl)propan-2-ol;sertaconazole (SER), (±)-1-{2,4-Dichloro-β-[ (7-chlorobenzo[b] thien-3-yl)methoxy] phenethyl}imidazole nitrate; and miconazole (MCO), 1-[2,4-Dichloro-β-(2,4-dichlorobenzyloxy) phenethyl] imidazole nitrate are shown in Figure 1.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Spectrophotometric methods based on charge transfer complexation reaction for the determination of some antifungal drugs in pure and dosage forms

Gouda¹,

Sheikh²,

Amin³

et al. 2017

Bull. Chem. Soc. Eth.

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ABSTRACT. Charge transfer complexes of some antifungal drugs fluconazole (FLU), sertaconazole nitrate (SER) and miconazole nitrate (MCO) as electron donor with the σ-acceptor iodine (I2) and 2,3-dichloro-5,6-dicyano-p-benzoquinone (DDQ), p-chloranilic acid (p-CLA) and 7,7,8, as π-acceptors in acetonitrile were investigated. The formation of the colored charge-transfer complexes were utilized in the development of simple, rapid and accurate spectrophotometric methods for the analysis of the cited drugs in pure forms and pharmaceutical formulations at 365 nm for MCO and SER using I2 method, at 460 nm for FLU and SER using DDQ method, at 535 and 530 nm for FLU and SER, respectively, using p-CLA method and at 842 nm for MCO and SER using TCNQ method. The optimum experimental conditions have been studied carefully and optimized. Beer's law was obeyed over the concentration ranges of 2.0-28, 10-240 and 2.0-160 µg mL −1 for MCO, FLU and SER, respectively, with good correlation coefficients (0.9996-0.9999). Molar absorpitivity, Sandell sensitivity, relative standard deviation, limit of detection and quantification were calculated. The obtained data refer to high accuracy and precision of the proposed method. The obtained results were confirmed by inter and intra-day accuracy and precision with percent recovery of 99.1-100%, 99.3-101% and 99.1-101% for MCO, FLU and SER, respectively. These data were compared with those obtained using official methods for the determination of the cited drugs. The proposed methods were applied successfully for simultaneous determination of the cited drugs in their pharmaceutical formulations with good accuracy and precision and without interferences from common additives.

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Chromatographic and electrophoretic techniques used in the analysis of triazole antifungal agents—a review

Cited by 45 publications

References 139 publications

Bioassay for Determining Voriconazole Serum Levels in Patients Receiving Combination Therapy with Echinocandins

Bioassay for Determining Voriconazole Serum Levels in Patients Receiving Combination Therapy with Echinocandins

Detection of Posaconazole by Surface-Assisted Laser Desorption/Ionization Mass Spectrometry with Dispersive Liquid–Liquid Microextraction

Spectrophotometric methods based on charge transfer complexation reaction for the determination of some antifungal drugs in pure and dosage forms

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