Chromatographic analysis of banned antibacterial growth promoters in animal feed

Abstract

The issue of antimicrobial use in animals used as food is of global concern. Antimicrobials are used in animal agriculture to improve health and welfare of animals, meat quality, the economic efficiency of growth and production and public health by decreasing shedding of zoonotic pathogens. However, large quantities are often used without professional supervision. The growth-promotant (now reclassified as zootechnical feed additives) effect of low levels of antibiotics in animal feeds was first described in the late 1940s. Already in 1969 the Swann Committee recommended that use of antibiotics as a supplement in animal feedstuff should be restricted to those with little or no application as therapeutic agents for humans and animals, which would not impair the efficacy of therapeutic antibiotics through the development of resistant strains of organisms. Antimicrobials like avoparcin, ardacin, zinc bacitracin, virginiamycin, tylosin, spriramycin, carbadox and olaquindox were withdrawn within the period 1997-1999. Four others (monensin sodium, salinomycin sodium, avilamycin and flavophospholipol) were still permitted for use as growth promoters in animal feed to animals marketed in the European Union (EU). Since January 2006, they have been banned as well. This review focuses on the analytical methods developed to be an effective tool for monitoring compliance with the ban.

Prevalence and Molecular Epidemiological Characterization of Antimicrobial-Resistant Escherichia coli Isolates from Japanese Black Beef Cattle

“…Because of the international epidemiologic implications, the World Health Organization recommended careful usage of antimicrobial agents in food animals. The European Union countries have banned the use of antimicrobials for growth promotion in food animals since 1999 (28), and the U.S. Food and Drug Administration suggested a guideline for use of antimicro bials in 2010 (32), marking a significant readjustment in the conduct of AMR surveillance in food animals in the world and in the use of antimicrobial agents. However, many of the data are conflicting, details on species of cattle are lacking, and AMR bacteria from beef cattle in Japan have not been reported.…”

Development and Validation of an Lc-Dad Method for the Routine Analysis of Residual Quinolones in Fish Edible Tissue and Fish Feed. Application to Farmed Gilthead Sea Bream Following Dietary Administration

“…The Feed Additive Regulation 1831=2003=EC) describes the total ban on antibiotics as growth promoters. [1][2][3] The reason for the global concern about the consumption of low levels of antimicrobial residues in aquatic foods is the fact that these residues may potentially have hazardous effects on human health if present in edible tissues. [1][2]4] Fluoroquinolones are used both in human and veterinary medicine, being active against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria through the inhibition of their DNA gyrase.…”

A rapid HPLC method for the determination of sulphonamides and trimethoprim in feed premixes

“…The advantages of the proposed method are the speed, the ease of the clean-up protocol, and the low cost of the needed instrumentation, rendering it highly applicable to the feed industry. a limited number of analytical protocols for feeds has been published (Samanidou and Evaggelopoulou, 2008). The methods investigating feed premixes are mainly based on enzyme-linked immuneabsorbent assays, ELISAs (Jimenez et al, 2009), or high performance liquid chromatography methods, combined or not, with tandem mass spectrometry (Croubels et al, 2002;Boscher et al, 2010;Lopes et al, 2012).…”