Chromatin structure changes around satellite repeats on the Schistosoma mansoni female sex chromosome suggest a possible mechanism for sex chromosome emergence

Lepesant, Julie MJ; Cosseau, Céline; Boissier, Jérôme; Freitag, Michael; Portela, Julien; Climent, Déborah; Perrin, Cécile; Zerlotini, Adhemar; Grunau, Christoph

doi:10.1186/preaccept-3172405466397456

Cited by 4 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 32 publications

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“…However, evidence of a functional role of repeats on vertebrate sex chromosomes is limited at this stage, largely due to the difficulty in obtaining Y Advances in Evolutionary Biology 5 or W chromosome sequences. Nonetheless, methods have been developed to achieve this challenging task [88,89] and will undoubtedly lead to more studies in this area. Again, we are able to gain important insight into the function of sex chromosome repeats from species outside the vertebrate lineage.…”

Section: Do Sex Chromosome Repeats Have a Function?mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The Z and W chromosomes can be cytogenetically distinguished by their chromatin structure rather than by their size. Sequencing of male and female genomes led to the identification of W-specific sequences, which consisted of 36 W-specific repeats, including an SMalpha retroposon, LTRs, LINE2, and DNA transposons [89]. Of these repeats, transcription was detected for eight, and three of these were transcribed in the larval stages but not in immature or adult females.…”

Section: Do Sex Chromosome Repeats Have a Function?mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Of these repeats, transcription was detected for eight, and three of these were transcribed in the larval stages but not in immature or adult females. Using chromatin immunoprecipitation sequencing (ChIP-Seq), Lepesant and colleagues [89] were able to profile the level of an epigenetic mark associated with active chromatin, acetylated H3K9 (H3K9Ac), around repeats at various developmental stages. A gradual decrease in the level of H3K9Ac was observed for all W-specific repeats from larval to adult stages.…”

Section: Do Sex Chromosome Repeats Have a Function?mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It appears that the transcription of these repeats can be correlated with changes in chromatin structure. Lepesant and colleagues [89] suggest that it may even be these changes in chromatin structure that may contribute to sex determination, perhaps even in the absence of a sex determining gene.…”

Section: Do Sex Chromosome Repeats Have a Function?mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Repetitive Sequence and Sex Chromosome Evolution in Vertebrates

Ezaz

Deakin

2014

Advances in Evolutionary Biology

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Sex chromosomes are the most dynamic entity in any genome having unique morphology, gene content, and evolution. They have evolved multiple times and independently throughout vertebrate evolution. One of the major genomic changes that pertain to sex chromosomes involves the amplification of common repeats. It is hypothesized that such amplification of repeats facilitates the suppression of recombination, leading to the evolution of heteromorphic sex chromosomes through genetic degradation of Y or W chromosomes. Although contrasting evidence is available, it is clear that amplification of simple repetitive sequences played a major role in the evolution of Y and W chromosomes in vertebrates. In this review, we present a brief overview of the repetitive DNA classes that accumulated during sex chromosome evolution, mainly focusing on vertebrates, and discuss their possible role and potential function in this process.

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Section: Do Sex Chromosome Repeats Have a Function?mentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Do Sex Chromosome Repeats Have a Function?mentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Do Sex Chromosome Repeats Have a Function?mentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Do Sex Chromosome Repeats Have a Function?mentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Repetitive Sequence and Sex Chromosome Evolution in Vertebrates

Ezaz

Deakin

2014

Advances in Evolutionary Biology

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“…Actually, genetic linkage map analysis by crossing a female of one S. mansoni strain to a male of another strain coupled with chromosome mapping with BAC (bacteria artificial chromosome) clones identified a non-recombination site between the Z-and W-specific genes (Criscione et al 2009). Lepesant et al (2012) gave suggested chromatin structural changes around the W-specific repeats are responsible for the initial event (non-recombination) in sex chromosome development. However, whether structural changes caused by inversions are part of the mechanism that resulted in the differentiation of the ZW remains to be determined and is the main subject of the present study.…”

Section: Schistosomiasis a Human Infection By Blood Flukes In The Genusmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evolution of sex chromosomes ZW of Schistosoma mansoni inferred from chromosome paint and BAC mapping analyses

Hirai

LoVerde

2012

Parasitology International

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Chromosomes of schistosome parasites among digenetic flukes have a unique evolution because they exhibit the sex chromosomes ZW, which are not found in the other groups of flukes that are hermaphrodites. We conducted molecular cytogenetic analyses for investigating the sex chromosome evolution using chromosome paint analysis and BAC clones mapping. To carry this out, we developed a technique for making paint probes of genomic DNA from a single scraped chromosome segment using a chromosome microdissection system, and a FISH mapping technique for BAC clones. Paint probes clearly identified each of the 8 pairs of chromosomes by a different fluorochrome color. Combination analysis of chromosome paint analysis with Z/W probes and chromosome mapping with 93 BAC clones revealed that the W chromosome of Schistosoma mansoni has evolved by at least four inversion events and heterochromatinization. Nine of 93 BAC clones hybridized with both the Z and W chromosomes, but the locations were different between Z and W chromosomes. The homologous regions were estimated to have moved from the original Z chromosome to the differentiated W chromosome by three inversions events that occurred before W heterohcromatinization. An inversion that was observed in the heterochromatic region of the W chromosome likely occurred after W heterochromatinization. These inversions and heterochromatinization are hypothesized to be the key factors that promoted the evolution of the W chromosome of S. mansoni.

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Whole genome amplification and exome sequencing of archived schistosome miracidia

et al. 2018

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Adult schistosomes live in the blood vessels and cannot easily be sampled from humans, so archived miracidia larvae hatched from eggs expelled in feces or urine are commonly used for population genetic studies. Large collections of archived miracidia on FTA cards are now available through the Schistosomiasis Collection at the Natural History Museum (SCAN). Here we describe protocols for whole genome amplification of Schistosoma mansoni and Schistosome haematobium miracidia from these cards, as well as real time PCR quantification of amplified schistosome DNA. We used microgram quantities of DNA obtained for exome capture and sequencing of single miracidia, generating dense polymorphism data across the exome. These methods will facilitate the transition from population genetics, using limited numbers of markers to population genomics using genome-wide marker information, maximising the value of collections such as SCAN.

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Chromatin structure changes around satellite repeats on the Schistosoma mansoni female sex chromosome suggest a possible mechanism for sex chromosome emergence

Abstract: Our study provides for the first time evidence for the hypothesis that, at least in organisms with a ZW type of sex chromosomes, repeat-induced chromatin structure changes could indeed be the initial event in sex chromosome emergence.

Cited by 4 publications

References 32 publications

Repetitive Sequence and Sex Chromosome Evolution in Vertebrates

Repetitive Sequence and Sex Chromosome Evolution in Vertebrates

Evolution of sex chromosomes ZW of Schistosoma mansoni inferred from chromosome paint and BAC mapping analyses

Whole genome amplification and exome sequencing of archived schistosome miracidia

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