Christchurch Psychiatric Epidemiology Study, Part II: Six Month and other Period Prevalences of Specific Psychiatric Disorders

Oakley‐Browne, Mark; Joyce, Peter R.; Wells, J. Elisabeth; Bushnell, John; Hornblow, Andrew

doi:10.3109/00048678909068290

Cited by 127 publications

(63 citation statements)

References 37 publications

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“…Numerous studies have reported higher levels of trait anxiety in mothers compared to fathers (Franck et al, 2004;Pinelli, 2000) as well as higher rates of depression in women compared to men, with a gender ratio of 3 : 1 commonly reported (Henderson et al, 1998;Oakley-Browne, Joyce, Wells, Bushnell, & Hornblow, 1989). Similarly, higher levels of the personality dimensions-harm avoidance, reward dependence and cooperativeness in mothers-are consistent with those of other studies examining gender differences in personality (Cloninger, 1994;Young et al, 1995).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 79%

Parental stress in the NICU: the influence of personality, psychological, pregnancy and family factors

Carter

Mulder

Darlow

2007

Personality & Mental Health

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Background The birth of an infant requiring admission to a Neonatal Intensive Care Unit (NICU) can represent a considerable source of stress for some parents. Currently, little is known about the factors associated with parental stress response to the NICU, especially for fathers. The objective of this study is to compare sources of NICU stress for mothers and fathers and explore variables associated with NICU stress.Method One hundred and seventy‐two randomly selected couples with an infant admitted to the NICU were administered a structured clinical interview and completed self‐report measures, including the Parental Stress Scale (PSS).Results Mothers had the highest overall stress. The altered parental role was the highest source of stress for both parents. Key general predictors of parental stress were dysfunctional personality traits and high anxiety. For mothers, high stress was associated with lower income, de facto relationship, abnormal pregnancy scan and no previous NICU experience. For fathers, high stress was associated with transfer of the pregnant mother due to complications and early experience of paternal over control.Conclusion Identification of factors that contribute to parent stress can enable health professionals to facilitate parent adaptation and coping, thereby promoting optimal parent–infant relationships and subsequent infant development. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 79%

Parental stress in the NICU: the influence of personality, psychological, pregnancy and family factors

Carter

Mulder

Darlow

2007

Personality & Mental Health

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“…Similar findings were reported by Oakley-Browne et al [ 17] from New Zealand. In an epidemiological study of women living in Edin burgh.…”

Section: Incidence Of a Dsupporting

confidence: 81%

Clinical and Psychosocial Correlates of Antenatal Depression: A Review

Kitamura¹,

Shima

Sugawara³

et al. 1996

Psychother Psychosom

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In contrast to the considerable research on postnatal depression, less attention has been paid to that occurring during pregnancy – antenatal depression (AD). However, recent investigations have studied depression among pregnant women not necessarily requiring psychiatric hospitalization but needing psychological support and help. A controlled study showed that the rate of AD was significantly higher than that of depression among non-pregnant women: the reported incidence varies between 4 and 29%. AD was found to be associated with: (1) obstetric factors (first pregnancy, first delivery, and past history of abortion); (2) early experience (loss of father); (3) personality (high neuroticism score); (4) attitudes towards the present pregnancy (perplexity of the husband); (5) accomodation factors (non-detached housing, and expected crowdedness after birth of the child, and (6) social support (low level of intimacy with the husband). Differential effects of these factors in the development of AD are to be studied in future research, particularly in conjunction with investigation of hormonal variables.

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“…The best-estimate rates for 1-year and lifetime prevalence were 2.6% (95%CI, 1.4% to 4.2%) and 6.2% (95%CI, 4.0% to 9.2%), respectively ( (55). Heterogeneity was demonstrated for 1-year and lifetime prevalence rates of GAD.…”

Section: Generalized Anxiety Disordermentioning

confidence: 95%

Prevalence and Incidence Studies of Anxiety Disorders: A Systematic Review of the Literature

et al. 2006

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Objective: To present the results of a systematic review of literature published between 1980 and 2004 reporting findings of the prevalence and incidence of anxiety disorders in the general population.Method: A literature search of epidemiologic studies of anxiety disorders was conducted, using MEDLINE and HealthSTAR databases, canvassing English-language publications. Eligible publications were restricted to studies that examined age ranges covering the adult population. A set of predetermined inclusion and exclusion criteria were used to identify relevant studies. Prevalence and incidence data were extracted and analyzed for heterogeneity.Results: A total of 41 prevalence and 5 incidence studies met eligibility criteria. We found heterogeneity across 1-year and lifetime prevalence rates of all anxiety disorder categories. Pooled 1-year and lifetime prevalence rates for total anxiety disorders were 10.6% and 16.6%. Pooled rates for individual disorders varied widely. Women had generally higher prevalence rates across all anxiety disorder categories, compared with men, but the magnitude of this difference varied. Conclusion:The international prevalence of anxiety disorders varies greatly between published epidemiologic reports. The variability associated with all anxiety disorders is considerably smaller than the variability associated with individual disorders.Women report higher rates of anxiety disorders than men. Several factors were found to be associated with heterogeneity among rates, including diagnostic criteria, diagnostic instrument, sample size, country studied, and response rate. Clinical Implications · Significant heterogeneity in the prevalence of anxiety disorders signals the need for population-specific health policies and planning. · The prevalence of anxiety disorders eclipses the capacity of specialized mental health services. · Anxiety disorders remain prevalent throughout ages 18 to 64 years. Limitations· The observed heterogeneity may be related to environmental or cultural factors associated with the location of each contributing investigation. · Variance owing to methods of diagnosis and measurement account for a limited portion of the observed heterogeneity. · An insufficient number of incidence studies are available to clarify details concerning the onset of symptoms.

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Christchurch Psychiatric Epidemiology Study, Part II: Six Month and other Period Prevalences of Specific Psychiatric Disorders

Cited by 127 publications

References 37 publications

Parental stress in the NICU: the influence of personality, psychological, pregnancy and family factors

Parental stress in the NICU: the influence of personality, psychological, pregnancy and family factors

Clinical and Psychosocial Correlates of Antenatal Depression: A Review

Prevalence and Incidence Studies of Anxiety Disorders: A Systematic Review of the Literature

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