Prevalence and Incidence Studies of Anxiety Disorders: A Systematic Review of the Literature

Somers, Julian M.; Goldner, Elliot M.; Waraich, Paul; Hsu, Lorena

doi:10.1177/070674370605100206

Cited by 722 publications

(426 citation statements)

References 93 publications

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“…2006). In Germany, however, specific phobia (5.2%, [95%CI: 3.3%, 8.2%]) and GAD (3.7%, [95% CI: 2.3%, 6.0%]) are reported to be the most prevalent anxiety disorders (Vehling et al.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A systematic review of reviews on the prevalence of anxiety disorders in adult populations

et al. 2016

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BackgroundA fragmented research field exists on the prevalence of anxiety disorders. Here, we present the results of a systematic review of reviews on this topic. We included the highest quality studies to inform practice and policy on this issue.MethodUsing PRISMA methodology, extensive electronic and manual citation searches were performed to identify relevant reviews. Screening, data extraction, and quality assessment were undertaken by two reviewers. Inclusion criteria consisted of systematic reviews or meta‐analyses on the prevalence of anxiety disorders that fulfilled at least half of the AMSTAR quality criteria.ResultsWe identified a total of 48 reviews and described the prevalence of anxiety across population subgroups and settings, as reported by these studies. Despite the high heterogeneity of prevalence estimates across primary studies, there was emerging and compelling evidence of substantial prevalence of anxiety disorders generally (3.8–25%), and particularly in women (5.2–8.7%); young adults (2.5–9.1%); people with chronic diseases (1.4–70%); and individuals from Euro/Anglo cultures (3.8–10.4%) versus individuals from Indo/Asian (2.8%), African (4.4%), Central/Eastern European (3.2%), North African/Middle Eastern (4.9%), and Ibero/Latin cultures (6.2%).ConclusionsThe prevalence of anxiety disorders is high in population subgroups across the globe. Recent research has expanded its focus to Asian countries, an increasingly greater number of physical and psychiatric conditions, and traumatic events associated with anxiety. Further research on illness trajectories and anxiety levels pre‐ and post‐treatment is needed. Few studies have been conducted in developing and under‐developed parts of the world and have little representation in the global literature.

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“…2006). In Germany, however, specific phobia (5.2%, [95%CI: 3.3%, 8.2%]) and GAD (3.7%, [95% CI: 2.3%, 6.0%]) are reported to be the most prevalent anxiety disorders (Vehling et al.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A systematic review of reviews on the prevalence of anxiety disorders in adult populations

et al. 2016

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“…Generalized anxiety disorder seems to be one of the most frequent diagnoses 5,6 and its chronic course 7 and negative impact on quality of life is recognized 8 . Some studies using epidemiologic samples indicate that this specific disorder and alcohol or drug use co-occur and are associated 9,10 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Factor structure and construct validity of the Generalized Anxiety Disorder 7-item (GAD-7) among Portuguese college students

2017

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“…Women are more susceptible than men to stress-related psychiatric disorders, such as major depression, generalized anxiety disorder, acute and post-traumatic stress disorder (Holden, 2005;Kessler, 2003;Kessler et al, 1995;Kornstein, 1997;Nemeroff et al, 2006;Somers et al, 2006;Stein et al, 2002;Steiner et al, 2005). The reasons for these gender differences are not known, but it is possible that they emerge from different responses to stressful life events and different coping strategies (Kendler et al, 2001b;Klein and Corwin, 2002;Maciejewski et al, 2001;Nemeroff et al, 2006;Sherrill et al, 1997).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Females do not Express Learned Helplessness like Males do

Dalla

Edgecomb

Whetstone

et al. 2007

Neuropsychopharmacol

149

101

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Women are more likely than men to suffer from stress-related mental disorders, such as depression. In the present experiments, we identified sex differences in one of the most common animal models of depression, that of learned helplessness. Male and female rats were trained to escape a mild footshock each day for 7 days (controllable stress). Each rat was yoked to another rat that could not escape (uncontrollable stress), but was exposed to the same amount of shock. One day later, all stressed rats and unstressed controls were tested on a more difficult escape task in a different context. Most males exposed to uncontrollable stress did not learn to escape and were therefore helpless. In contrast, most females did learn to escape on the more difficult escape task, irrespective of whether they had been exposed to controllable or uncontrollable stress. The sex differences in helplessness behavior were not dependent on the presence of sex hormones in adulthood, because neither ovariectomy of females nor castration of males abolished them. The absence of helplessness in females was neither dependent on organizational effects of testosterone during the day of birth, because masculinized females did not express helplessness as adults. Thus, sex differences in helplessness behavior are independent of gonadal hormones in adulthood and testosterone exposure during perinatal development. Learned helplessness may not constitute a valid model for depressive behavior in women, at least as reflected by the response of female rats to operant conditioning procedures after stressful experience.

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Prevalence and Incidence Studies of Anxiety Disorders: A Systematic Review of the Literature

Cited by 722 publications

References 93 publications

A systematic review of reviews on the prevalence of anxiety disorders in adult populations

A systematic review of reviews on the prevalence of anxiety disorders in adult populations

Factor structure and construct validity of the Generalized Anxiety Disorder 7-item (GAD-7) among Portuguese college students

Females do not Express Learned Helplessness like Males do

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