Choroid plexus and CSF: an updated review

Hutton, Dana; Fadelalla, Mohammed; Kanodia, Avinash Kumar; Hossain-Ibrahim, Kismet

doi:10.1080/02688697.2021.1903390

Cited by 14 publications

(20 citation statements)

References 36 publications

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“…While AQP1 is specific to and highly expressed on the CP epithelium, AQP4 is expressed on the paravascular astrocytic end feet, where it facilitates water movement between the parenchyma and cerebral vasculature. 2,13,26,27 Studies have shown that the genetic knockout of AQP1 results in a 25% reduction in CSF formation, 13 however, other literature suggests that water influx for CSF is primarily controlled by AQP4, making it more critical to CSF production than AQP1. 26 In 24 hours, the human CP generates approximately 500-600 mL of CSF, which accommodates 3-4 replacements of the total CSF volume (150 mL).…”

Section: Cerebral Spinal Fluid Production and Hydrodynamicsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…10,13,14,25,30 The CSF circulation pathway begins in the lateral ventricles from which it flows through the foramina of Munro into the third ventricle, and subsequently through the cerebral aqueduct (also known as the aqueduct of Sylvius) into the fourth ventricle. 2 From the fourth ventricle, the CSF can either flow downward through the spinal cord central canal, laterally through the Foramina of Luschka or medially through the Foramen of Magendie into the subarachnoid space surrounding the brain and spinal cord. The CSF circulates throughout the subarachnoid space and is either absorbed by arachnoid granulations and transported to the superior sagittal sinus or transferred to the lymphatics.…”

Section: Cerebral Spinal Fluid Production and Hydrodynamicsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Choroid plexus function in neurological homeostasis and disorders: The awakening of the circadian clocks and orexins

Christensen

Mychasiuk

2022

J Cereb Blood Flow Metab

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As research regarding the role of circadian rhythms, sleep, and the orexinergic system in neurodegenerative diseases is growing, it is surprising that the choroid plexus (CP) remains underappreciated in this realm. Despite its extensive role in the regulation of circadian rhythms and orexinergic signalling, as well as acting as the primary conduit between cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and the circulatory system, providing a mechanism by which toxic waste molecules can be removed from the brain, the CP has been largely unexplored in neurodegeneration. In this review, we explore the role of the CP in maintaining brain homeostasis and circadian rhythms, regulating CSF dynamics, and how these functions change across the lifespan, from development to senescence. In addition, we examine the relationship between the CP, orexinergic signalling, and the glymphatic system, highlighting gaps in the literature and areas that require immediate exploration. Finally, we assess current knowledge, including possible therapeutic strategies, regarding the role of the CP in neurological disorders, such as traumatic brain injury, migraine, Alzheimer’s disease, and multiple sclerosis.

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Section: Cerebral Spinal Fluid Production and Hydrodynamicsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Cerebral Spinal Fluid Production and Hydrodynamicsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Choroid plexus function in neurological homeostasis and disorders: The awakening of the circadian clocks and orexins

Christensen

Mychasiuk

2022

J Cereb Blood Flow Metab

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“…This dynamic flux of solutes is key in maintaining electrolytic homeostasis and transmission of ionic signaling factors. As such, there are a great variety of transporters, channels, and receptors present along the apical and basolateral surfaces of the choroid plexus which allow for complex and coordinated control of solute passage [79][80][81]. Transient receptor potential vanilloid-4 (TRPV4) is a known cation channel which plays a notable role in this ion transport, due to its ability to serve as a hub of activity and drive activation of several other transporters [82,83].…”

Section: Cellular Structure Of the Choroid Plexusmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cumulative Damage: Cell Death in Posthemorrhagic Hydrocephalus of Prematurity

Sevensky

Newville

Tang

et al. 2021

Cells

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Globally, approximately 11% of all infants are born preterm, prior to 37 weeks’ gestation. In these high-risk neonates, encephalopathy of prematurity (EoP) is a major cause of both morbidity and mortality, especially for neonates who are born very preterm (<32 weeks gestation). EoP encompasses numerous types of preterm birth-related brain abnormalities and injuries, and can culminate in a diverse array of neurodevelopmental impairments. Of note, posthemorrhagic hydrocephalus of prematurity (PHHP) can be conceptualized as a severe manifestation of EoP. PHHP impacts the immature neonatal brain at a crucial timepoint during neurodevelopment, and can result in permanent, detrimental consequences to not only cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) dynamics, but also to white and gray matter development. In this review, the relevant literature related to the diverse mechanisms of cell death in the setting of PHHP will be thoroughly discussed. Loss of the epithelial cells of the choroid plexus, ependymal cells and their motile cilia, and cellular structures within the glymphatic system are of particular interest. Greater insights into the injuries, initiating targets, and downstream signaling pathways involved in excess cell death shed light on promising areas for therapeutic intervention. This will bolster current efforts to prevent, mitigate, and reverse the consequential brain remodeling that occurs as a result of hydrocephalus and other components of EoP.

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“…The first part was to be dedicated to the role of the choroid plexus in physiology and pathophysiology. The classical concept defines the choroid plexus as the main CSF source ( 1 , 2 ), while a more recent theory, although not negating the importance of the choroid plexus in CSF formation, attributes to this organ a much lesser role than previously believed. The new theory postulates that what is important for CSF formation is the influx and exchange of fluid at the capillary level in the central nervous system ( 1 , 3 - 7 ).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The classical concept defines the choroid plexus as the main CSF source ( 1 , 2 ), while a more recent theory, although not negating the importance of the choroid plexus in CSF formation, attributes to this organ a much lesser role than previously believed. The new theory postulates that what is important for CSF formation is the influx and exchange of fluid at the capillary level in the central nervous system ( 1 , 3 - 7 ). Furthermore, the first part of the meeting aimed to discuss the research on the fate of molecules applied in different parts of the CSF system with or without a blockade of the transport systems in various animal models, from genetically modified mice fetuses ( 8 , 9 ) to large experimental animals (rabbits, cats, dog, pigs) ( 4 - 6 , 10 ).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%