Chorioretinal involvement in patients with West Nile virus infection☆

Khairallah, Moncef; Yahia, Salim Ben; Ladjimi, A.; Zeghidi, Hatem; Romdhane, F. Ben; Ouanes-Besbes, Lamia; Zaouali, Sonia; Messaoud, R.

doi:10.1016/j.ophtha.2004.03.032

Cited by 128 publications

(117 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…Other ophthalmic manifestations have also been reported, including AU associated with vitritis without chorioretinitis [115] and WNV-associated optic nerve involvement, such as optic neuritis [112].…”

Section: West Nile Virusmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Multifocal chorioretinitis occurs in almost 80% of patients with acute WNV infection associated with neurologic illness [111]. Diabetes mellitus is a potential risk factor for developing multifocal chorioretinitis [112]. Active chorioretinitis forms circular lesions with early hypofluorescence and late staining on fluorescein angiography.…”

Section: West Nile Virusmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A new era of uveitis: impact of polymerase chain reaction in intraocular inflammatory diseases

et al. 2016

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Uveitis is a sight-threatening intraocular inflammatory disorder which may occur from both infectious and non-infectious or autoimmune causes. The frequency of infectious uveitis and autoimmune uveitis varies depending on countries and regions. According to a nationwide survey conducted by the Japanese Ocular Inflammation Society, infectious and non-infectious uveitis accounted for 16.4 and 50.1% of new patients, respectively while the remaining 33.5% of new uveitis cases were not classified or were idiopathic uveitis. Infectious uveitis is particularly important because it causes tissue damage to the eye and may result in blindness unless treated. However, it can be treated if the pathogenic microorganisms are identified promptly and accurately. Remarkable advancements in molecular and immunological technologies have been made in the last decade, and the diagnosis of infectious uveitis has been greatly improved by the application of molecular and immunological investigations, particularly polymerase chain reaction (PCR). PCR performed on a small amount of ocular samples provides a prompt, sensitive, and specific molecular diagnosis of pathogenic microorganisms in the eye. This technology has opened a new era in the diagnosis and treatment of uveitis, enabling physicians to establish new clinical entities of uveitis caused by infectious microorganisms, identify pathogens in the eyes of many patients with uveitis, and determine prompt diagnosis and appropriate therapy. Here we review the PCR process, new PCR tests specialized for ocular diseases, microorganisms detected by the PCR tests, diseases in the eye caused by these microorganisms, and the clinical characteristics, diagnosis, and therapy of uveitis.

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Section: West Nile Virusmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: West Nile Virusmentioning

confidence: 99%

A new era of uveitis: impact of polymerase chain reaction in intraocular inflammatory diseases

et al. 2016

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“…Typical bilateral or rarely unilateral multifocal chorioretinitis is the most common ocular manifestation of WNV infection, occurring in almost 80% of patients with acute WNV infection associated with neurological illness [5,6]. Most patients have no ocular symptoms or present with mildly reduced vision or floaters.…”

Section: Wnv Infectionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Active chorioretinal lesions present as circular, deep, yellowish lesions on ophthalmoscopy (fig. 1), with early hypofluorescence and late staining on fluorescein angiography (FA) [5]. Inactive chorioretinal lesions appear as round, atrophic lesions with or without central pigmentation (fig.…”

Section: Wnv Infectionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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New Infectious Etiologies for Posterior Uveitis

Khairallah

Kahloun²,

Yahia³

et al. 2012

Ophthalmic Res

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Emergent and resurgent arthropod vector-borne diseases are major causes of systemic morbidity and death and expanding worldwide. Among them, viral and bacterial agents including West Nile virus, Dengue fever, Chikungunya, Rift Valley fever, and rickettsioses have been recently associated with an array of ocular manifestations. These include anterior uveitis, retinitis, chorioretinitis, retinal vasculitis and optic nerve involvement. Proper clinical diagnosis of any of these infectious diseases is based on epidemiological data, history, systemic symptoms and signs, and the pattern of ocular involvement. The diagnosis is usually confirmed by the detection of a specific antibody in serum. Ocular involvement associated with emergent infections usually has a self-limited course, but it can result in persistent visual impairment. There is currently no proven specific treatment for arboviral diseases, and therapy is mostly supportive. Vaccination for humans against these viruses is still in the research phase. Doxycycline is the treatment of choice for rickettsial diseases. Prevention, including public measures to reduce the number of mosquitoes and personal protection, remains the mainstay for arthropod vector disease control. Influenza A (H1N1) virus was responsible for a pandemic human influenza in 2009, and was recently associated with various posterior segment changes.

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Opsoclonus Persisting During Sleep in West Nile Encephalitis

Alshekhlee¹,

Sultan²,

Chandar³

2006

Arch Neurol

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Background: Recent outbreaks of West Nile virus infection have alerted the public to disabling paralysis as an outcome. Ocular motor involvement with West Nile virus is rare. Objective: To describe a patient with West Nile virus encephalitis that resulted in opsoclonus-myoclonus syndrome with persistent ocular oscillation on electroencephalography during stage 2 sleep. Patient: A 53-year-old man who presented with viral prodrome followed by intense vertigo and encephalopathy. In addition to multifocal myoclonic jerks in the extremities, his eye movements were disrupted by bursts of high-frequency, conjugate ocular oscillations that occurred in random directions. Results: Electroencephalography showed eye movement artifactsduringtheawakestateandstage2sleep.Opsoclonusmyoclonus syndrome remained disabling 3 months after onset but markedly improved 8 months after onset. Conclusions: West Nile virus is another cause of opsoclonus-myoclonus syndrome that can occur in conjunction with encephalitis. The presence of an eye movement artifact on results of electroencephalography during stage 2 sleep should raise suspicion for opsoclonus.

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Chorioretinal involvement in patients with West Nile virus infection☆

Cited by 128 publications

References 14 publications

A new era of uveitis: impact of polymerase chain reaction in intraocular inflammatory diseases

A new era of uveitis: impact of polymerase chain reaction in intraocular inflammatory diseases

New Infectious Etiologies for Posterior Uveitis

Opsoclonus Persisting During Sleep in West Nile Encephalitis

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