Choosing the Right Accelerating Voltage for SEM (An Introduction for Beginners)

Dusevich, Vladimir; Purk, John H.; Jd, Eick

doi:10.1017/s1551929510991190

Cited by 11 publications

(6 citation statements)

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“…The beam energy determines the maximum energy with which an electron can dissipate to the resist molecule. 24 As shown in Figure 3a, the resistivity of the fabricated material decreases with the increase in the beam energy. The collisions between the incident electrons and the molecules of the precursor result in the kinetic energy transfer of electron to the precursor molecule and lead to their fragmentation; 25 subsequently, the fragments cross-link and form a larger molecule with specific size distribution that is determined by both beam energy and dose.…”

Section: ■ Results and Discussionmentioning

confidence: 88%

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Electron-Beam Direct Writing-Based High-Performance Graphene Electrode Fabrication

Yu,

Tian,

et al. 2023

ACS Appl. Electron. Mater.

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Graphene has attracted intensive attention in the field of nanoelectronics due to its excellent electrical, thermal, and mechanical properties, and graphene-based electronic devices emerge endlessly. However, with the miniaturization of devices and the improvement of circuit integration, the contact resistance between the metal electrode and graphene in the conventional graphene-based electronic devices largely reduces the carrier mobility and saturation drift speed due to the work function difference, which will greatly deteriorate the transport performance of the device. The high contact resistance can also cause device overheating and fast aging, consequently downgrading the upper bound of their performance. Therefore, hunting for an optimal electrode material and fabrication approach have been essential goals in the field. Here, we report a newly developed scheme that uses e-beam direct writing to make a high-performance three-dimensional graphene electrode, which can be applied in all carbon-based field effect transistors; the whole process was conducted in a hot filament scanning electron microscope. We systematically investigated all performance-processing parameter dependences and realized a resistivity of 8.85 × 10–4 Ω·cm of the graphene electrode, which has great application potential in developing all-carbon electronics.

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Section: ■ Results and Discussionmentioning

confidence: 88%

“…The beam acceleration voltage or beam energy and dose are two of the most important parameters. The beam energy determines the maximum energy with which an electron can dissipate to the resist molecule . As shown in Figure a, the resistivity of the fabricated material decreases with the increase in the beam energy.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Electron-Beam Direct Writing-Based High-Performance Graphene Electrode Fabrication

Yu,

Tian,

et al. 2023

ACS Appl. Electron. Mater.

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“…If the number of sinters increases, it may lead to a change in the microcracks, which results in several void formations in the resin matrix, which, in turn, affects the properties of the composites. From Figure 7, C-4 (b), a cleavage type of surface is seen when the composite contains a graphite filler concentration of 5%, which indicates the insignificant plastic nature of the composite [35]. The shear cups are visualized by shearing the resin matrix when graphite concentration is increased [36].…”

Section: Morphologymentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of graphite filler on the physiochemical properties of graphite reinforced thermoset rooflite – unsaturated polyester resin composites

Karunakaran,

Subban,

Thangamani

et al. 2024

Chim.Tech.Acta

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It is well known that many polymers are insulators with poor mechanical properties, which limit their use in fuel cell applications. Physicochemical properties of the polymers can be improved by adding conductive fillers. Carbon-based materials like graphite, which provides excellent mechanical strength and thermal conductivity to the polymer matrices, is of special interest because of its abundance, low cost and light weight when compared to other carbon allotropes. In the present work we describe the physicochemical properties of rooflite unsaturated polyester resin/graphite composites. Rooflite resin and three of its composites containing 1%, 3% and 5% of graphite by weight (C-2, C-3, and C-4, respectively) were synthesized and characterized by FTIR spectral data. XRD showed two peaks at 2q = 27.37°and 55.40° with d spacing value of 3.2559 nm and 1.6571 nm, respectively, indicating the change in degree of crystallinity of the composite. The calculated crystallinity for the resin is 7.3%, and for C-2, C-3 and C-4 its values are 12.1%, 14.3%, 17.1%, respectively, evidencing the interactions between the graphite and polymer matrix. The composites showed fractured surfaces and porous rough structure with randomly distributed vascularized cavities. Agglomeration occurs, when the concentration of graphite increases. The glass transition temperature for the pure resin is 65.9 °C and increases when the resin is filled with graphite. Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) of the composites showed no marked difference between Tmax and Tfinal, and LOI values of C-3 and C-4 are above 21%, making them self-extinguishable materials that could be used for making bipolar plates. The chemical resistance investigation against water, NaCl, NaOH, acetic acid, and toluene showed more resistance to acid than alkali solutions. These rooflite resin/graphite composites could be further studied to explore the possibility of making bipolar plates, which are an essential component of fuel cells.

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“…Alternatively, charging may be overcome by using low beam energies (commonly sub 1 kV); however, this may also alter the level of surface detail that is acquired. A useful resource on selecting the optimum accelerating voltage on an SEM has been put together by Dusevich et al [3].…”

Section: The Challenge Of Imaging Hydrated Tissue In a Vacuummentioning

confidence: 99%

An Overview of Cryo-Scanning Electron Microscopy Techniques for Plant Imaging

Wightman

2022

Plants

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Many research questions require the study of plant morphology, in particular cells and tissues, as close to their native context as possible and without physical deformations from some preparatory chemical reagents or sample drying. Cryo-scanning electron microscopy (cryoSEM) involves rapid freezing and maintenance of the sample at an ultra-low temperature for detailed surface imaging by a scanning electron beam. The data are useful for exploring tissue/cell morphogenesis, plus an additional cryofracture/cryoplaning/milling step gives information on air and water spaces as well as subcellular ultrastructure. This review gives an overview from sample preparation through to imaging and a detailed account of how this has been applied across diverse areas of plant research. Future directions and improvements to the technique are discussed.

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Choosing the Right Accelerating Voltage for SEM (An Introduction for Beginners)

Cited by 11 publications

References 0 publications

Electron-Beam Direct Writing-Based High-Performance Graphene Electrode Fabrication

Electron-Beam Direct Writing-Based High-Performance Graphene Electrode Fabrication

Effect of graphite filler on the physiochemical properties of graphite reinforced thermoset rooflite – unsaturated polyester resin composites

An Overview of Cryo-Scanning Electron Microscopy Techniques for Plant Imaging

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