Chondroitin sulfate based nanocomplex for enhancing the stability and activity of anthocyanin

Complexes of dextran sulfate and anthocyanins from Vaccinium myrtillus: Formation and stability

“…These results are in contrast with the formation of complexes between chondroitin sulfate and ATC (Jeong & Na, 2012) where authors suggested that, besides the electrostatic also the hydrophobic interaction and intermolecular stacking play a significant role in complex formation. be related to the differences in nature of DESU and chondroitin sulfate.…”

“…It has been claimed that co-pigmentation or self-aggregation of ATC (Dangles, Saito, & Brouillard, 1993;Gris et al, 2007;Gauche et al, 2010;Zhang et al, 2009) prevents the hydration of ATC, maintains the flavylium cation or quinoidal base structures, rather than a carbinol or chalcone structures, and improves ATC color stability. The increase of ATC color stability and a higher free radical scavenging capacity compared to those of free ATC were observed also in the case of ATC and chondroitin-sulfate complexes (Jeong & Na, 2012) where authors emphasized that chondroitin sulfate/ATC complexes were formed very quickly and in such a way ATC were protected from hydration. …”

“…ATC species with a positive charge could form ionic complexes with anionic polymers (Jeong & Na, 2012). As an anionic polysaccharide, the DESU having 5.5·10 −3 mol/g of sulfo groups was chosen to form the ionic complexes with the ATC present in the bilberry water extract.…”

“…Sulfate groups of both DESU and chondroitin sulfate impart the hydrophilic properties of polymer and are responsible for the electrostatic interactions with ATC. Whereas, N-acetyl groups present in chondroitin sulfate are responsible for hydrophobic interactions with ATC and may help the intermolecular stacking of ATC (Jeong & Na, 2012). The hydrophilic character of DESU and its sulfo groups which are ionized in acidic medium prevent the possibility of hydrophobic interactions with ATC.…”

Interaction between κ- and ι-carrageenan and anthocyanins from Vaccinium myrtillus

“…A new approach to stabilizing ATCs is their introduction into a nanocarrier system. ATCs containing stable nanoparticles were obtained during complex formation between ATCs and chondroitin (Jeong & Na, 2012) or dextran (Klimaviciute, Navikaite, Jakstas, & Ivanauskas, 2015) sulfate. First of all, the charge-charge interactions between strongly negative groups of sulfated polysaccharide and the flavylium cation were responsible for the complex formation.…”