Chondroitin, Dermatan, Heparan, and Keratan Sulfate: Structure and Functions

Bedini, Emiliano; Corsaro, Maria Michela; Fernández‐Mayoralas, Alfonso; Iadonisi, Alfonso

doi:10.1007/978-3-030-12919-4_5

Cited by 14 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 268 publications

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“…Proteoglycans (PGs) are heavily glycosylated proteins and present on the cell surface, extracellular matrix (ECM), and intracellular milieu (14). The basic PG unit consists of a "core protein" covalently attached to glycosaminoglycans (GAGs), which are long chains consisting of linear or branched carbohydrate polymers that are negatively charged under certain physiological conditions, expressed on most mammalian cells.…”

Section: Roles Of Proteoglycans In Brain Cancermentioning

confidence: 99%

Proteoglycans as Therapeutic Targets in Brain Cancer

Yan¹,

Wang

2020

Front. Oncol.

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Proteoglycans (PGs) are heavily glycosylated diverse proteins consisting of a "core protein" covalently attached to glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) and present on the cell surface, extracellular matrix, and intracellular milieu. Extracellular proteoglycans play crucial roles in facilitating cell signaling and migration, interacting with growth factor receptors, intracellular enzymes, extracellular ligands, and matrix components, as well as structural proteins and promoting significant tumor-microenvironment interactions in cancerous settings. As a result of their highly regulated expression patterns, recent research has focused on the role of proteoglycans in the development of nervous tissue, such as their effect on neurite outgrowth, participation in the development of precursor cell types, and regulation of cell behaviors. The present review summarizes current progress for the studies of proteoglycan function in brain cancer and explains recent research involving brain glycoproteins as modulators of migration, cell adhesion, glial tumor invasion, and neurite outgrowth. Furthermore, we highlight the correlations between specific proteoglycan alterations and the suggested cancer-associated proteoglycans as novel biomarkers for therapeutic targets.

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Section: Roles Of Proteoglycans In Brain Cancermentioning

confidence: 99%

Proteoglycans as Therapeutic Targets in Brain Cancer

Yan¹,

Wang

2020

Front. Oncol.

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“…CSs interact with various signaling molecules (growth factors (GFs), receptors and guidance molecules), and such interaction plays a key role in the control of numerous biological processes (cell migration, growth, differentiation, guidance and development) and in diverse pathologies (metastasis, neurodegeneration and inflammation) [ 3 ]. Central to these interactions is the sulfation group distribution along the CS backbone, which encodes specific functional information, namely key molecular recognition elements of the specific sulfation motifs [ 4 , 5 , 6 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Deciphering Structural Determinants in Chondroitin Sulfate Binding to FGF-2: Paving the Way to Enhanced Predictability of Their Biological Functions

Vessella

Vázquez²,

Valcárcel³

et al. 2021

Polymers

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Controlling chondroitin sulfates (CSs) biological functions to exploit their interesting potential biomedical applications requires a comprehensive understanding of how the specific sulfate distribution along the polysaccharide backbone can impact in their biological activities, a still challenging issue. To this aim, herein, we have applied an “holistic approach” recently developed by us to look globally how a specific sulfate distribution within CS disaccharide epitopes can direct the binding of these polysaccharides to growth factors. To do this, we have analyzed several polysaccharides of marine origin and semi-synthetic polysaccharides, the latter to isolate the structure-activity relationships of their rare, and even unnatural, sulfated disaccharide epitopes. SPR studies revealed that all the tested polysaccharides bind to FGF-2 (with exception of CS-8, CS-12 and CS-13) according to a model in which the CSs first form a weak complex with the protein, which is followed by maturation to tight binding with kD ranging affinities from ~1.31 μM to 130 μM for the first step and from ~3.88 μM to 1.8 nM for the second one. These binding capacities are, interestingly, related with the surface charge of the 3D-structure that is modulated by the particular sulfate distribution within the disaccharide repeating-units.

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“…Fondaparinux sodium, Heparan sulfate containing iduronate residues are widely used as anticoagulant drugs; dermatan sulfate contains iduronate residues as well and has potential anti‐ infection, anti‐tumor activities. [ 1‐4 ] Aster spathulifolius is Korean traditional medicine to treat asthma and diuresis; 6‐deoxy‐L‐idose diterpene glycosides were isolated from this source. [ 5‐6 ] D‐ Ido ‐heptoses are important component of the capsular polysaccharide of Campylobacter jejuni HS:3 and HS:4.…”

Section: Background and Originality Contentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Synthesis of 2‐Amino‐2‐deoxy‐1,3‐dithioidoglycosides via Organocatalytic Relay Glycosylation of 3‐O‐Acetyl‐2‐nitrogalactals

et al. 2023

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Comprehensive SummaryIdose‐type glycosides have numerous biological activities and have been widely used as anticoagulant drugs and anti‐infection drugs. Thioglycosides have enhanced stability for acid‐mediated or enzymatic hydrolysis, and have a wide range of applications in glycobiology and drug development. Herein, we describe an efficient method for site‐selective and stereoselective synthesis of potential bioactive 2‐amino‐2‐deoxy‐1,3‐dithioidoglycosides via organocatalysis sequential C3‐Ferrier rearrangement and Michael addition of 3‐O‐acetyl‐2‐nitrogalactals. Both stepwise and one‐pot protocols were carried out and work well. This unique thio‐glycosylation protocol highlighted the various advantages, including (i) mild reaction conditions; (ii) excellent site‐selectivity and stereoselectivity, good to excellent yields; (iii) broad substrate scopes; (iv) being atom‐economic and environmentally friendly; (v) the reactions can be scaled up.

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Chondroitin, Dermatan, Heparan, and Keratan Sulfate: Structure and Functions

Cited by 14 publications

References 268 publications

Proteoglycans as Therapeutic Targets in Brain Cancer

Proteoglycans as Therapeutic Targets in Brain Cancer

Deciphering Structural Determinants in Chondroitin Sulfate Binding to FGF-2: Paving the Way to Enhanced Predictability of Their Biological Functions

Synthesis of 2‐Amino‐2‐deoxy‐1,3‐dithioidoglycosides via Organocatalytic Relay Glycosylation of 3‐O‐Acetyl‐2‐nitrogalactals

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