Cholinesterases activities and lipid peroxidation levels in muscle from shelf and slope dwelling fish from the NW Mediterranean: Its potential use in pollution monitoring

The potential of cholinesterases as tools for biomonitoring studies with sharks: Biochemical characterization in brain and muscle tissues of Prionace glauca

“…The measurement of ChE activity is widely used in pollution monitoring as a biomarker of effect, mainly due to their high sensitivity to anticholinergic chemicals, such as organophosphate and carbamate pesticides, (Arufe et al, 2007;Chambers et al, 2002;Fulton and Key, 2001;Galloway et al, 2002;Kirby et al, 2000;Van der Oost et al, 2003) but also to other contaminants often simultaneously present in marine environments like oils and industrial run-offs (Galgani et al, 1992;Payne et al, 1996). Additionally, ChEs are among the less variable biomarkers, making them suitable for environmental pollution biomonitoring studies (Solé et al, 2008).…”

“…Currently there are three known types of ChE in fish: acetylcholinesterase (AChE), butyrylcholinesterase (BChE) and propionylcholinesterase (PChE) (Kirby et al, 2000;Solé et al, 2008;Sturm et al, 1999aSturm et al, , 2000. AChE is a key enzyme of the nervous system, and a well-accepted biomarker of exposure to neurotoxic chemicals, existing predominantly in brain tissue but also, for example, in muscle, liver and blood (Bresler et al, 1999;Burgeot et al, 2001;Lionetto et al, 2004;Solé et al, 2008;Stien et al, 1998).…”

“…AChE is a key enzyme of the nervous system, and a well-accepted biomarker of exposure to neurotoxic chemicals, existing predominantly in brain tissue but also, for example, in muscle, liver and blood (Bresler et al, 1999;Burgeot et al, 2001;Lionetto et al, 2004;Solé et al, 2008;Stien et al, 1998). BChE and PChE, the other types of cholinesterases frequently named pseudocholinesterases, have also been found, for example, in plasma, liver and muscle (Chambers et al, 2002;Kirby et al, 2000;Solé et al, 2010;Sturm et al, 1999aSturm et al, , 2000.…”

“…According to Bonfil (1994) and Stevens (2009), blue sharks are one of the most abundant and heavily fished sharks in the world, with an estimated 20 million individuals caught annually as target or by-catch species, making them suitable organisms for ecotoxicology and biomonitoring studies. To our knowledge, and to date, ChE of shark species have only been characterized in the muscle tissue of Scyliorhinus canicula and Galeus melastomus (Solé et al, 2008).…”

Parasite communities of the deep-sea fish Alepocephalus rostratus Risso, 1820 in the Balearic Sea (NW Mediterranean) along the slope and relationships with enzymatic biomarkers and health indicators

“…Biochemical parameters (henceforward referred as biomarkers) which are traditionally used in environment pollution monitoring, can also respond to biological and ecological variables (Van der Oost et al, 2003). For instance, some fish studies have highlighted the relationship of biomarkers to diet, sex and depth range variables (Solé et al, 2008(Solé et al, , 2010. Parasites can also modify biomarkers responses since they are natural stressors that have detrimental effects on their hosts by definition (Combes, 1996).…”