Cholesteryl glucoside in Candida bogoriensis

Kastelic-Suhadolc, T.

doi:10.1016/0005-2760(80)90213-1

Cited by 16 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 8 publications

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“…A third source may involve infectious agents. For example, CG is a cell wall component of several forms of bacteria including Candida bogoriensis (Kastelic-Suhadolc 1980) and Helicobacter pylori (Hirai et al 1995;Nicolson et al 2002;Chapman et al 2003) amongst others. H. pylori infections are positively correlated with an increased risk for Parkinson's disease (Dobbs et al 2000).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Chronic Exposure to Dietary Sterol Glucosides is Neurotoxic to Motor Neurons and Induces an ALS–PDC Phenotype

Tabata

Wilson

et al. 2008

Neuromol Med

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Epidemiological studies of the Guamanian variants of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) and parkinsonism, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis-parkinsonism dementia complex (ALS-PDC), have shown a positive correlation between consumption of washed cycad seed flour and disease occurrence. Previous in vivo studies by our group have shown that the same seed flour induces ALS and PDC phenotypes in out bred adult male mice. In vitro studies using isolated cycad compounds have also demonstrated that several of these are neurotoxic, specifically, a number of water insoluble phytosterol glucosides of which β-sitosterol β-D-glucoside (BSSG) forms the largest fraction. BSSG is neurotoxic to motor neurons and other neuronal populations in culture. The present study shows that an in vitro hybrid motor neuron (NSC-34) culture treated with BSSG undergoes a dose-dependent cell loss. Surviving cells show increased expression of HSP70, decreased cytosolic heavy neurofilament expression, and have various morphological abnormalities. CD-1 mice fed mouse NIH-PA Author ManuscriptNIH-PA Author Manuscript NIH-PA Author Manuscript chow pellets containing BSSG for 15 weeks showed motor deficits and motor neuron loss in the lumbar and thoracic spinal cord, along with decreased glutamate transporter labelling, and increased glial fibrillary acid protein reactivity. Other pathological outcomes included increased caspase-3 labelling in the striatum and decreased tyrosine-hydroxylase labelling in the striatum and substantia nigra. C57BL/6 mice fed BSSG-treated pellets for 10 weeks exhibited progressive loss of motor neurons in the lumbar spinal cord that continued to worsen even after the BSSG exposure ended. These results provide further support implicating sterol glucosides as one potential causal factor in the motor neuron pathology previously associated with cycad consumption and ALS-PDC.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Chronic Exposure to Dietary Sterol Glucosides is Neurotoxic to Motor Neurons and Induces an ALS–PDC Phenotype

Tabata

Wilson

et al. 2008

Neuromol Med

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“…4 Information available on-line at the following address: http: //www.csm.biol.tsukuba.ac.jp/Sexual-cDNA/SexualcDNA/html. CTTAAAAGAATGCGTACGCTGCAGGTCGAC-3Ј (S1/ham1) and 5Ј-T-TACGCTTTTTTATAAAAGTGAGAGTGATACTCGGTTTAAATCATA-TCGATGAATTCGAGCTCG-3Ј (S2/ham1).…”

Section: Disruption Of the Genomic S Cerevisiae Ugt51 Genementioning

confidence: 99%

“…discoideum-We used the cDNA clone FC-AZ07 (GenBank TM Accession numbers C25752 and C25753 from H. Urushihara, University of Tsukuba) 4 from the cDNA library of D. discoideum strain CAX3 for the PCR synthesis of a digoxigenin-labeled probe. With this probe, we screened a -ZAP cDNA library of D. discoideum strain AX4 (from W. F. Loomis, University of California).…”

Section: Cloning Of Sterol Glucosyltransferases From S Cerevisiae Cmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Cloning and Functional Expression of UGT Genes Encoding Sterol Glucosyltransferases from Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Candida albicans, Pichia pastoris, and Dictyostelium discoideum

Warnecke¹,

Erdmann²,

Fahl³

et al. 1999

Journal of Biological Chemistry

122

135

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Sterol glucosides, typical membrane-bound lipids of many eukaryotes, are biosynthesized by a UDP-glucose: sterol glucosyltransferase (EC 2.4.1.173). We cloned genes from three different yeasts and from Dictyostelium discoideum, the deduced amino acid sequences of which all showed similarities with plant sterol glucosyltransferases (Ugt80A1, Ugt80A2). These genes from Saccharomyces cerevisiae (UGT51 ‫؍‬ YLR189C), Pichia pastoris (UGT51B1), Candida albicans (UGT51C1), and Dictyostelium discoideum (ugt52) were expressed in Escherichia coli. In vitro enzyme assays with cell-free extracts of the transgenic E. coli strains showed that the genes encode UDP-glucose:sterol glucosyltransferases which can use different sterols such as cholesterol, sitosterol, and ergosterol as sugar acceptors. An S. cerevisiae null mutant of UGT51 had lost its ability to synthesize sterol glucoside but exhibited normal growth under various culture conditions. Expression of either UGT51 or UGT51B1 in this null mutant under the control of a galactose-induced promoter restored sterol glucoside synthesis in vitro. Lipid extracts of these cells contained a novel glycolipid. This lipid was purified and identified as ergosterol-␤-D-glucopyranoside by nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. These data prove that the cloned genes encode sterol-␤-D-glucosyltransferases and that sterol glucoside synthesis is an inherent feature of eukaryotic microorganisms.Sterol glycosides are widespread membrane lipids, occurring in all plants, several algae (1-3), some fungi (4 -9), slime molds (10 -12), Dictyostelium (13), a few bacteria (14 -19), and even animals (20 -23). The knowledge base for sterol glycosides is rather limited compared with free sterols and sterol esters, where the synthesis, transport, and functions have been studied extensively in animals (24 -29), plants, (30 -35), and yeast (36 -40). The basis for studies on the functions of sterol glycosides is the assumption that free sterols and sterol glycosides differ physiologically. It is obvious that the attachment of a glycosyl moiety to the sterol backbone alters the physical properties of this lipid. As a result, there are changes in the properties of membranes containing different proportions of free sterols and sterol glycosides. Such changes have been studied with artificial membranes in terms of membrane fluidity, permeability, hydration, and phase behavior (41)(42)(43)(44). However, we still do not know how free sterols and sterol glycosides differ physiologically in biological membranes and why many eukaryotic organisms synthesize sterol glycosides. One of the main reasons for our limited knowledge in this field is the lack of a genetic approach. The objective of the present work was the isolation and characterization of sterol glycosyltransferase genes from eukaryotic organisms. We expect that genetic manipulation of these genes will facilitate the elucidation of sterol glycoside functions in these organisms.The predominating sugar moiety in sterol glycosides is glucose. Besides plants...

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“…[14][15][16] Steryl glycosides are also present in all plants, most fungi and slime molds, and some bacteria and animals, [17][18][19][20] and most of the glucose residues of sterol-based compounds are β-linked pyranose residues. Besides Helicobacter species, the α-linked form of steryl glycosides is only found in Acholeplasma laidlawii and Acholeplasma axanthum.…”

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confidence: 99%

Cholesterol‐α‐glucosyltransferase gene is present in most Helicobacter species including gastric non‐Helicobacter pylori helicobacters obtained from Japanese patients

et al. 2017

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Background Non‐Helicobacter pylori helicobacters (NHPHs) besides H. pylori infect human stomachs and cause chronic gastritis and mucosa‐associated lymphoid tissue lymphoma. Cholesteryl‐α‐glucosides have been identified as unique glycolipids present in H. pylori and some Helicobacter species. Cholesterol‐α‐glucosyltransferase (αCgT), a key enzyme for the biosynthesis of cholesteryl‐α‐glucosides, plays crucial roles in the pathogenicity of H. pylori. Therefore, it is important to examine αCgTs of NHPHs. Materials and Methods Six gastric NHPHs were isolated from Japanese patients and maintained in mouse stomachs. The αCgT genes were amplified by PCR and inverse PCR. We retrieved the αCgT genes of other Helicobacter species by BLAST searches in GenBank. Results αCgT genes were present in most Helicobacter species and in all Japanese isolates examined. However, we could find no candidate gene for αCgT in the whole genome of Helicobacter cinaedi and several enterohepatic species. Phylogenic analysis demonstrated that the αCgT genes of all Japanese isolates show high similarities to that of a zoonotic group of gastric NHPHs including Helicobacter suis, Helicobacter heilmannii, and Helicobacter ailurogastricus. Of 6 Japanese isolates, the αCgT genes of 4 isolates were identical to that of H. suis, and that of another 2 isolates were similar to that of H. heilmannii and H. ailurogastricus. Conclusions All gastric NHPHs examined showed presence of αCgT genes, indicating that αCgT may be beneficial for these helicobacters to infect human and possibly animal stomachs. Our study indicated that NHPHs could be classified into 2 groups, NHPHs with αCgT genes and NHPHs without αCgT genes.

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Cholesteryl glucoside in Candida bogoriensis

Cited by 16 publications

References 8 publications

Chronic Exposure to Dietary Sterol Glucosides is Neurotoxic to Motor Neurons and Induces an ALS–PDC Phenotype

Chronic Exposure to Dietary Sterol Glucosides is Neurotoxic to Motor Neurons and Induces an ALS–PDC Phenotype

Cloning and Functional Expression of UGT Genes Encoding Sterol Glucosyltransferases from Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Candida albicans, Pichia pastoris, and Dictyostelium discoideum

Cholesterol‐α‐glucosyltransferase gene is present in most Helicobacter species including gastric non‐Helicobacter pylori helicobacters obtained from Japanese patients

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