Cholesterol and Related Sterols

Yèagle, Philip L.

doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-800047-2.00009-7

Cited by 6 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 67 publications

(51 reference statements)

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“…The creation of a more quantitative phase diagram of the condensed cholesterol-rich phase in dependence of the cholesterol content was not possible because of the heterogeneously distributed domains in larger patches (see SI S9). Cholesterol is well known for exerting stabilizing and compacting effects on monolayers [68,69]. This can also be observed in this study: due to a higher content of condensed domains, originating from a higher amount of cholesterol, the lipid monolayer can be compressed to lower surface areas.…”

Section: Varying Cholesterol Content With Mbpsupporting

confidence: 69%

Effect of Cholesterol and Myelin Basic Protein (MBP) Content on Lipid Monolayers Mimicking the Cytoplasmic Membrane of Myelin

Träger

Widder

Kerth

et al. 2020

Cells

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Myelin basic protein (MBP) is located in the insulating covers of nerve cells in the brain and spinal cord. By interacting with lipid membranes, it is responsible for compaction of the myelin sheath in the central nervous system, which is weakened in demyelinating diseases. The lipid composition of the myelin leaflet has a high impact on the interaction between the membrane and MBP. Cholesterol is present in the cytoplasmic leaflet with a rather high amount of 44% (mol%). In this study, the focus is on the effect of cholesterol, mainly by varying its content, on the interaction of MBP with a lipid monolayer. Therefore, Langmuir lipid monolayers mimicking the cytoplasmic membrane of myelin and monolayers with variations of cholesterol content between 0% and 100% were measured at the air/water interface with additional imaging by fluorescence microscopy. All experiments were performed with and without bovine MBP to study the dependence of the interaction of the protein with the monolayers on the cholesterol content. The native amount of 44% cholesterol in the monolayer combines optima in the order of the monolayer (presumably correlating to compaction and thermodynamic stability) and protein interaction and shows unique features in comparison to lower or higher cholesterol contents.

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Section: Varying Cholesterol Content With Mbpsupporting

confidence: 69%

Effect of Cholesterol and Myelin Basic Protein (MBP) Content on Lipid Monolayers Mimicking the Cytoplasmic Membrane of Myelin

Träger

Widder

Kerth

et al. 2020

Cells

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“…28−31 Cholesterol is a vital component for maintaining the membrane integrity, controlling lipid packing, and regulating membrane fluidity. 28,31−34 Earlier work suggested that the addition of cholesterol into a lipid bilayer could increase the ordering of the alkyl chains of the lipids, 35,36 increase membrane density, 37−40 decrease membrane permeability, 31 decrease membrane fluidity, 41,42 increase mechanical strength of the membrane, 34 and induce the formation of liquid domains enriched with particular lipid species. 43−45 Additionally, membrane curvature could also play a role in the interactions with polymers.…”

Section: ■ Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The moderate amphiphilicity due to the presence of the hydroxyl group tends to orient the cholesterol molecule such that the hydroxyl group is located at the interface between the membrane interior and aqueous medium via hydrogen bonding with lipid headgroups and water molecules whereas the steroid rings sit in the membrane interior, parallel to the hydrocarbon chains. [28][29][30][31] Cholesterol is a vital component for maintaining the membrane integrity, controlling lipid packing, and regulating membrane fluidity. 28,[31][32][33][34] Earlier work suggested that the addition of cholesterol into a lipid bilayer could increase the ordering of the alkyl chains of the lipids, 35,36 increase membrane density, [37][38][39][40] decrease membrane permeability, 31 decrease membrane fluidity, 41,42 increase mechanical strength of the membrane, 34 and induce the formation of liquid domains enriched with particular lipid species.…”

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confidence: 99%

Influence of Cholesterol and Bilayer Curvature on the Interaction of PPO–PEO Block Copolymers with Liposomes

et al. 2019

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Interactions of nonionic poly(ethylene oxide)-b-poly(propylene oxide) (PEO-PPO) block copolymers, known as Pluronics or poloxamers, with cell membranes have been widely studied for a host of biomedical applications. Herein, we report how cholesterol within phosphatidylcholine (POPC) lipid bilayer liposomes and bilayer curvature affects the binding of several PPO-PEO-PPO triblocks with varying PPO content and a tPPO-PEO diblock, where t refers to a tert-butyl end group. Pulsed-field-gradient NMR was employed to quantify the extent of copolymer associated with liposomes prepared with cholesterol concentrations ranging from 0 to 30 mol % relative to the total content of POPC and cholesterol and vesicle extrusion radii of 25, 50, or 100 nm. The fraction of polymer bound to the liposomes was extracted from NMR data on the basis of the very different mobilities of the bound and free polymers in aqueous solution. Cholesterol concentration was manipulated by varying the molar percentage of this sterol in the POPC bilayer preparation. The membrane curvature was varied by adjusting the liposome size through a conventional pore extrusion technique. Although the PPO content significantly influences the overall amount of block copolymer adsorbed to the liposome, we found that polymer binding decreases with increasing cholesterol concentration in a universal fashion, with the fraction of bound polymer dropping 10-fold between 0 and 30 mol % cholesterol relative to the total content

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“…We used methyl‐ β ‐cyclodextrin, a cholesterol transporter, to fix the cholesterol concentration in the lipid membranes at ≈30 mol%, as cholesterol comprises 20–50 mol% of the total lipids in mammalian cell membranes. [ 50 , 51 ] At this cholesterol concentration and at 23 °C, L d and L o phases coexisted within the lipid membranes, unless the molar ratio of unsaturated and saturated phospholipids was exceptionally high or low (the dotted‐line region shown in Figure 1b ). [ 52 ] The L d phase was enriched in unsaturated phospholipids and fluorescently labeled lipids, such as Texas Red–1,2‐dihexadecanoyl‐ sn ‐glycero‐3‐phosphoethanolamine (TR–DHPE), and the L o phase was enriched in saturated phospholipids, cholesterol, and GM1.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sphingomyelinase‐Mediated Multitimescale Clustering of Ganglioside GM1 in Heterogeneous Lipid Membranes

Lee

Choi

2021

Advanced Science

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Several signaling processes in the plasma membrane are intensified by ceramides that are formed by sphingomyelinase-mediated hydrolysis of sphingomyelin. These ceramides trigger clustering of signaling-related biomolecules, but how they concentrate such biomolecules remains unclear.Here, the spatiotemporal localization of ganglioside GM1, a glycolipid receptor involved in signaling, during sphingomyelinase-mediated hydrolysis is described. Real-time visualization of the dynamic remodeling of the heterogeneous lipid membrane that occurs due to sphingomyelinase action is used to examine GM1 clustering, and unexpectedly, it is found that it is more complex than previously thought. Specifically, lipid membranes generate two distinct types of condensed GM1: 1) rapidly formed but short-lived GM1 clusters that are formed in ceramide-rich domains nucleated from the liquid-disordered phase; and 2) late-onset yet long-lasting, high-density GM1 clusters that are formed in the liquid-ordered phase. These findings suggest that multiple pathways exist in a plasma membrane to synergistically facilitate the rapid amplification and persistence of signals.

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Cholesterol and Related Sterols

Cited by 6 publications

References 67 publications

Effect of Cholesterol and Myelin Basic Protein (MBP) Content on Lipid Monolayers Mimicking the Cytoplasmic Membrane of Myelin

Effect of Cholesterol and Myelin Basic Protein (MBP) Content on Lipid Monolayers Mimicking the Cytoplasmic Membrane of Myelin

Influence of Cholesterol and Bilayer Curvature on the Interaction of PPO–PEO Block Copolymers with Liposomes

Sphingomyelinase‐Mediated Multitimescale Clustering of Ganglioside GM1 in Heterogeneous Lipid Membranes

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