Cholesterol and ocular pathologies: focus on the role of cholesterol-24S-hydroxylase in cholesterol homeostasis

Fourgeux, Cynthia; Martine, Lucy; Gambert-Nicot, Ségolène; Bron, Alain M.; Creuzot‐Garcher, Catherine; Brétillon, Lionel

doi:10.1051/ocl/2014056

Cited by 3 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 72 publications

(67 reference statements)

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“…In accordance with a previous study [ 16 ], we found here that, in hypercholesterolemic rabbits, RPE cells showed intracellular droplets of lipids. These lipid accumulations may occur because RPE expresses a variety of lipoprotein-specific receptors (LDLR, SR-BI, SR-BII) and scavenger receptors (CD36) that enable the recognition of circulating lipoproteins by RPE and delivery to the retina [ 1 , 10 ]. The accumulation of lipids between the inner collagenous layer and the basal lamina of the BM (as seen in many older human eyes) participates in creating a physical barrier, called the lipid wall, which may limit the exchanges between the choriocapillaris and the RPE [ 10 , 62 , 63 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A major consequence of the astroglial decrease (observed as a reduction of AANFB-RA and PVA-RA) in G1 could be related to the fact that these cells are an active partner of neurons by maintaining cholesterol synthesis and removal [ 1 ]. In the retina, Müller cells and astrocytes participate in the metabolism (supplying heterogeneous lipoprotein particles and ApoE) and transport of cholesterol, an essential source of lipids for the maintenance of the neuronal cell membranes [ 17 , 66 , 69 , 97 ], making neurons susceptible to alteration in long-term hypercholesterolemia.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Hypercholesterolemia constitutes an ischemic and inflammatory risk factor in certain neurodegenerative diseases [ 1 ]. Cholesterol, the main sterol in the retina, is widely distributed in all cell layers of the neuroretina, including the ganglion-cell layer and the nerve-fiber layer.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Under dietary influence and in situ synthesis, cholesterol metabolism is regulated by cell interactions, including neurons and glial cells. Glia is an active partner of neurons, maintaining cholesterol synthesis and removal [ 1 ]. Glial-derived cholesterol has been implicated as an important source of neuronal cholesterol, particularly for making new synaptic membranes [ 4 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Glial-derived cholesterol has been implicated as an important source of neuronal cholesterol, particularly for making new synaptic membranes [ 4 ]. Dysregulation of cholesterol in the retina has been associated with retinal impairment, reflecting the key role of this sterol in neurons [ 1 ]. Cellular cholesterol deficiency and accumulation, hallmarks of some neurodegenerative diseases involving the retina [ 5 , 6 ], highlight the importance of maintaining cholesterol homeostasis in neurons.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Neuroprotective Effects of Low-Dose Statins in the Retinal Ultrastructure of Hypercholesterolemic Rabbits

et al. 2016

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To evaluate the pleiotropic effects to statins, we analyze the qualitative and quantitative retinal changes in hypercholesterolemic rabbits after a low-dosage statin treatment. For this purpose, New Zealand rabbits were split into three groups: control (G0; n = 10), fed a standard diet; hypercholesterolemic (G1; n = 8), fed a 0.5% cholesterol-enriched diet for 8 months; and statins (G2; n = 8), fed a 0.5% cholesterol-enriched diet for 8 months, together with the administration of statin (pravastatin or fluvastatin sodium) at a dose of 2 mg / kg / day each diet. The retinas were analyzed by transmission electron microscopy and immunohistochemistry (glial fibrillary acidic protein). The retinal thickness of nuclear and plexiform layers were quantified in semi-thin sections. The results revealed that the low-statin-treated rabbits in comparison with the hypercholesterolemic group showed: i) a more preserved structure in all retinal layers; ii) a significant reduction in retinal thickness; iii) a decrease in cell death in the nuclear-and ganglion-cell layers; iv) a reduction of hydropic degeneration in the plexiform and nerve-fiber layers; v) a preservation of astrocytes and of the retinal area occupied by them; and vi) a better-preserved retinal vascular structure. Our findings indicate that low doses of statins can prevent retinal degeneration, acting on retinal macroglia, neurons and retinal vessels, despite that hypercholesterolemia remained unchanged. Thus, the pleiotropic effects of the statins may help safeguard the retinal ultrastructure.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Neuroprotective Effects of Low-Dose Statins in the Retinal Ultrastructure of Hypercholesterolemic Rabbits

et al. 2016

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Pomegranate juice supports therapeutic –treatment of atorvastatin against maternal hypercholesterolemia induced retinopathy of rat offspring

El‐Sayyad

El-Gallil

El-Ghawet

2021

Egyptian Journal of Basic and Applied Sciences

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Dietary consumption of processed high fat diet led to the development of metabolic diseases. This study aimed to demonstrate the retinopathy in a rat offspring maternally fed on high cholesterol and the improvement of pomegranate juice (PJ) administration and atorvastatin as potential treatment. Eighty pregnant Wistar albino rats were categorized into eight groups (n = 10); the control, PJ supplementation [0.4 m L (20%)]; atorvastatintreatment (10 mg/kg); and hypercholesterolemia (fed on 3% cholesterol for 6 weeks prior to conception, during pregnancy and lactation period. Retinas of 21-day-old rat offspring were investigated. Offspring maternally fed on a hypercholesterolemic diet exhibited internal retinal hemorrhage at the interphase between the pigment epithelium and photoreceptors leading to retinal detachment. In addition, widespread of degenerated stacked membrane of the photoreceptor outer segment and the neovascularization within the nuclear layers were observed. Offspring retina of a hypercholesterolemic mother exhibited a significant depletion of assayed neurotransmitters coinciding with a significant increase of the vacuolar endothelial growth factor apoptotic markers expressing pressing damaging of retinal cells. Co-administration of pomegranate juice to hypercholesterolemic mother rats treated with atorvastatin significantly improved the retinal structure and the assayed biochemical markers of offspring than that with atorvastatin-treatment. In conclusion, PJ showed a potent antiapoptotic and ant-angiogenesis activity and improved the histocytological pictures of rat offspring maternally subjected to hypercholesterolemia.

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The possible alleviating effect of garlic supplement on the neural retina in a rat model of hypercholesterolemia: a histological and immunohistochemical study

2021

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The purpose of this work was to prove that oxidative stress is the main mechanism responsible for retinal neurodegenerative changes, subsequent apoptosis, and inflammatory cytokine release in rats fed with a high cholesterol diet (HCD) and determine the role of garlic in alleviating these changes. Forty rats were equally divided into four groups: control, garlic-treated (positive control), HCD, and HCD + garlic-treated (HCD + G). By the end of the experiment (24 weeks) blood samples were collected for assessment of serum lipid profile, oxidative stress parameters, and plasma levels of IL-6 and TNF-α. Both eyes of the rats were enucleated; one was used for light microscopic examination and the other for electron microscopic examination. There was a significant increase in the levels of serum lipids, oxidative stress parameters, IL-6 and TNF-α, and area of expression of caspase-3 in the HCD group compared to both the control and HCD + G groups. Histological examination revealed degenerative changes in all layers of the neural retina in the HCD group. Garlic administration resulted in a significant improvement in the biochemical, immunohistochemical, and histological characteristics of hypercholesterolemic rats. These findings support the hypotheses that garlic has strong antioxidant, anti-apoptotic, and anti-inflammatory properties. Garlic ameliorates the neurodegenerative changes in the neural retina of hypercholesteremic rats.

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Cholesterol and ocular pathologies: focus on the role of cholesterol-24S-hydroxylase in cholesterol homeostasis

Cited by 3 publications

References 72 publications

Neuroprotective Effects of Low-Dose Statins in the Retinal Ultrastructure of Hypercholesterolemic Rabbits

Neuroprotective Effects of Low-Dose Statins in the Retinal Ultrastructure of Hypercholesterolemic Rabbits

Pomegranate juice supports therapeutic –treatment of atorvastatin against maternal hypercholesterolemia induced retinopathy of rat offspring

The possible alleviating effect of garlic supplement on the neural retina in a rat model of hypercholesterolemia: a histological and immunohistochemical study

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