Cholera on a Gulf Coast Oil Rig

Johnston, Jeffrey M.; Martin, Deborah L.; Perdue, J.; McFarland, Louise M.; Caraway, Charles T.; Lippy, Edwin C.; Blake, Paul A.

doi:10.1056/nejm198309013090903

Cited by 74 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…The present outbreak is the first one reported in a mill setting in West Bengal. Outbreaks of cholera due to contamination of drinking-water sources have been reported in other occupational settings, such as gold mines and oil rigs (7, 8). …”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The 2010 Outbreak of Cholera among Workers of a Jute Mill in Kolkata, West Bengal, India

Mridha

Biswas

Ramakrishnan

et al. 2011

J Health Popul Nutr

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On 10 March 2010, an outbreak of diarrhoeal disease was reported among workers of a jute mill in Kolkata, West Bengal, India. The cluster was investigated to identify the agent(s) and the source of infection and make recommendations. A suspected case of cholera was defined as having >3 loose watery stools in a 24-hour period and searched for case-patients in the workers’ colony. The outbreak was described by time, place, and person, and a case-control study was conducted to identify the source of infection. Rectal swabs were collected from the hospitalized case-patients, and the local water-supply system was assessed. In total, 197 case-patients were identified among 5,910 residents of the workers’ colony (attack rate 3.33%). Fifteen of 24 stool samples were positive for Vibrio cholerae O1. The outbreak started on 7 March, peakedon 11 March, and ended on 16 March 2010. Compared to 120 controls, 60 cases did not differ in terms of age and socioeconomic status. Drinking-water from the reservoir within the mill premises was associated with an increased risk of illness [odds ratio: 26.7, 95% confidence interval (CI) 11.4-62.6) and accounted for most cases (population attributable risk percentage=82%, 95% CI 70.8-92.9). An outbreak of cholera occurred among workers of the jute mill due to contamination of the drinking-water reservoir. It occurred within a few days of re-opening of the mill after the workers’ strike. Health authorities need to enforce disinfection of drinking-water and regularly test its bacteriological quality, particularly before re-opening of the mill after the strike.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The 2010 Outbreak of Cholera among Workers of a Jute Mill in Kolkata, West Bengal, India

Mridha

Biswas

Ramakrishnan

et al. 2011

J Health Popul Nutr

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“…The largest outbreak of cholera in the United States occurred on a Gulf Coast oil rig, following consumption of cooked rice that had been moistened with water contaminated by human feces and kept warm for several hours [51]. In Peru, consumption of rice left out for more than 3 h at ambient temperatures was associated with cholera [52].…”

Section: Cooked Foodmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cholera: Foodborne transmission and its prevention

Estrada-García

Mintz

1996

Eur J Epidemiol

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The last several years have witnessed a tremendous increase in reported cholera cases across the globe. The explosive arrival of the seventh cholera pandemic in Latin American in 1991, dramatic epidemics of cholera on the Indian subcontinent and in Southeast Asia due to the newly recognized Vibrio cholerae O139 strain, and the often deadly presence of cholera among populations affected by political and social upheaval in Africa and Eastern Europe are evidence that many countries have failed to adopt effective measures for cholera prevention and control. Foodborne transmission of cholera has been well documented by epidemiologic investigations in nearly every continent, and its interruption is a critical component to any integrated programme for cholera prevention and control. We emphasize clear and effective guidelines for the prevention of foodborne cholera transmission that are drawn from a comprehensive review of relevant epidemiologic and laboratory data.

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“…Unexpectedly, in 1973, an isolated case of cholera caused by Vibrio cholerae O1 occurred in Texas in a patient who had eaten seafood [1]. This case was followed by an outbreak in Louisiana in 1978 [2], two sporadic cases in Texas in 1981 [3,4], and an outbreak on an oil-drilling platform on a bayou near the Texas coast in 1981 [5]. Since 1981 additional patient isolates have been obtained from Mexico in 1982 [6]; from Maryland in 1984 [7]; and from another outbreak in Louisiana in 1986 [8,9].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Genetic diversity among toxigenic and nontoxigenicVibrio choleraeO1 isolated from the Western Hemisphere

Chen

Evins²,

Cook

et al. 1991

Epidemiol. Infect.

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SUMMARYMultilocus enzyme electrophoresis was used to examine genetic relationships among and between toxigenic and non-toxigenic isolates of Vibrio cholerae 01 obtained from patients and the environment in the US Gulf Coast and surrounding areas. A total of 23 toxigenic and 23 non-toxigenic strains were examined. All the toxigenic and 7 of the non-toxigenic strains had the same alleles at 16 enzyme loci, whereas the balance of the nontoxigenic strains had 9 distinct combinations of alleles. This study suggests that all of the toxigenic strains belong to a single clone, and that while some of the non-toxigenic isolates were related, most were of diverse origin.

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Cholera on a Gulf Coast Oil Rig

Cited by 74 publications

References 13 publications

The 2010 Outbreak of Cholera among Workers of a Jute Mill in Kolkata, West Bengal, India

The 2010 Outbreak of Cholera among Workers of a Jute Mill in Kolkata, West Bengal, India

Cholera: Foodborne transmission and its prevention

Genetic diversity among toxigenic and nontoxigenicVibrio choleraeO1 isolated from the Western Hemisphere

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