Choice, uncertainty and value in prefrontal and cingulate cortex

Rushworth, Matthew F. S.; Behrens, Timothy E.J.

doi:10.1038/nn2066

Cited by 756 publications

(658 citation statements)

References 98 publications

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“…The portion of the VMPFC identified in this study has been consistently linked to the processing of the value of rewards for ourselves and also others (Rushworth & Behrens, 2008; Smith, Clithero, Boltuck, & Huettel, 2014). Both neurophysiological recordings in monkeys and neuroimaging studies in humans show that neurons in this region predict the value of rewards that we – and others – will receive (Apps et al., 2016; Garvert, Moutoussis, Kurth‐Nelson, Behrens, & Dolan, 2015; Hill, Boorman, & Fried, 2016; Nicolle et al., 2012).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 55%

Not on my team: Medial prefrontal cortex responses to ingroup fusion and unfair monetary divisions

et al. 2018

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ObjectivePeople are highly attuned to fairness, with people willingly suffering personal costs to prevent others benefitting from unfair acts. Are fairness judgments influenced by group alignments? A new theory posits that we favor ingroups and denigrate members of rival outgroups when our personal identity is fused to a group. Although the mPFC has been separately implicated in group membership and fairness processing, it is unclear whether group alignments affect medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) activity in response to fairness. Here, we examine the contribution of different regions of the mPFC to processing from ingroup and outgroup members and test whether its response differs depending on how fused we are to an ingroup.MethodsSubjects performed rounds of the Ultimatum Game, being offered fair or unfair divisions of money from supporters of the same soccer team (ingroup), the fiercest rival (outgroup) or neutral individuals whilst undergoing functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging (fMRI).ResultsStrikingly, people willingly suffered personal costs to prevent outgroup members benefitting from both unfair and fair offers. Activity across dorsal and ventral (VMPFC) portions of the mPFC reflected an interaction between fairness and group membership. VMPFC activity in particular was consistent with it coding one's fusion to a group, with the fairness by group membership interaction correlating with the extent that the responder's identity was fused to the ingroup.ConclusionsThe influence of fusion on social behavior therefore seems to be linked to processing in the VMPFC.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 55%

Not on my team: Medial prefrontal cortex responses to ingroup fusion and unfair monetary divisions

et al. 2018

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“…IC3 included two medial prefrontal regions: frontopolar and dorsal regions anterior to the presupplementary motor area. These regions have been related to higher cognitive function such as metacognition, recognition of error, conflict and decision, all of which may have occurred in the experiment but with no detectable task‐related change in the present setting (Rushworth and Behrens 2008; Tsujimoto et al. 2010; Desmet et al.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 96%

Dynamic interactions of the cortical networks during thought suppression

et al. 2016

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ObjectivesThought suppression has spurred extensive research in clinical and preclinical fields, particularly with regard to the paradoxical aspects of this behavior. However, the involvement of the brain's inhibitory system in the dynamics underlying the continuous effort to suppress thoughts has yet to be clarified. This study aims to provide a unified perspective for the volitional suppression of internal events incorporating the current understanding of the brain's inhibitory system.Materials and MethodsTwenty healthy volunteers underwent functional magnetic resonance imaging while they performed thought suppression blocks alternating with visual imagery blocks. The whole dataset was decomposed by group‐independent component analysis into 30 components. After discarding noise components, the 20 valid components were subjected to further analysis of their temporal properties including task‐relatedness and between‐component residual correlation.ResultsCombining a long task period and a data‐driven approach, we observed a right‐side‐dominant, lateral frontoparietal network to be strongly suppression related. This network exhibited increased fluctuation during suppression, which is compatible with the well‐known difficulty of suppression maintenance.ConclusionsBetween‐network correlation provided further insight into the coordinated engagement of the executive control and dorsal attention networks, as well as the reciprocal activation of imagery‐related components, thus revealing neural substrates associated with the rivalry between intrusive thoughts and the suppression process.

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“…This common-sense assumption is supported by the fact that habits (also habits of thought), as an example for solid associations, are particularly difficult to unlearn (see Graybiel, 2008 for a review). Moreover it has been established that stable environments, which by inference allow shaping solid models, are signified by a slow learning rate (Rushworth & Behrens, 2008). However, as the neural correlates of an influence of solidity on adaptation have not been investigated so far, the study was explorative concerning the existence and location of the interaction's neural correlates.…”

Section: Functional Neuroanatomymentioning

confidence: 99%

Neural changes when actions change: Adaptation of strong and weak expectations

Schiffer

Ahlheim

Ulrichs

et al. 2012

Human Brain Mapping

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Repeated experiences with an event create the expectation that subsequent events will expose an analog structure. These spontaneous expectations rely on an internal model of the event that results from learning. But what happens when events change? Do experience-based internal models get adapted instantaneously, or is model adaptation a function of the solidity of, i.e. familiarity with, the corresponding internal model? The present fMRI study investigated the effects of model solidity on model adaptation in an action observation paradigm. Subjects were made acquainted with a set of action movies that displayed an altered script when encountered again in the scanning session. We found model adaptation to result in an attenuation of the premotor-parietal network for action observation. Model solidity was found to modulate activation in the parahippocampal gyrus and the anterior cerebellar lobules, where increased solidity correlated with activity increase. Finally, the comparison between early and late stages of learning indicated an effect of model solidity on adaptation rate. This contrast revealed the involvement of a fronto-mesial network of Brodmann area 10 and the ACC in those states of learning that were signified by high model solidity, no matter if the memorized original or to the altered action model was the more solid component. Findings suggest that the revision of an internal model is dependent on its familiarity. Unwarranted adaptations, but also perseverations may thus be prevented.

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Choice, uncertainty and value in prefrontal and cingulate cortex

Cited by 756 publications

References 98 publications

Not on my team: Medial prefrontal cortex responses to ingroup fusion and unfair monetary divisions

Not on my team: Medial prefrontal cortex responses to ingroup fusion and unfair monetary divisions

Dynamic interactions of the cortical networks during thought suppression

Neural changes when actions change: Adaptation of strong and weak expectations

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