Chloroplast phylogeography ofIris dichotoma(Iridaceae), a widespread herbaceous species in East Asia

Abstract

Both a complex topography and climate change have huge impacts on the distribution and genetic structure of extant species. Due to the lack of relevant molecular research, little is definitively known about the phylogeography of herbaceous plants in East Asia. Here we investigate the genetic diversity, population structure and historical population dynamics ofIris dichotomaPallas, a widespread perennial herbaceous species in northeastern and northern China. Twenty‐nine populations, totalling 297 individuals, were sampled throughout the Chinese distributional range ofI. dichotoma. The combined sequences of six chloroplast DNA fragments (petA‐psbE,rps18‐clpp,psbJ‐petA,trnD‐trnT,rps16andndhA) were used to identify 13 haplotypes, of which six were private ones restricted in a single population. Genetic differentiation amongI. dichotomapopulations, enabled us to infer potential refugia during the glacial period in the Yinshan Mountains–Yanshan Mountains, where high levels of haplotype and nucleotide diversity were detected. The results of a neutral test and mismatch distribution analysis both indicated thatI. dichotomaunderwent a recent population expansion. In East Asia, postglacial environmental and climatic changes appear to have promoted genetic diversification not only in better‐studied woody species, but also in herbaceous ones likeI. dichotoma. Future studies of more herbaceous plant species are needed to obtain better insight into how modern temperate biodiversity has developed in East Asia.

Phylogeography of Iris loczyi (Iridaceae) in Qinghai–Tibet Plateau revealed by chloroplast DNA and microsatellite markers

“…Trifida ( H d = 0.923) ( Li et al 2018 ). Additionally, the degree of genetic diversity was higher than the average level ( H d = 0.670) of 170 angiosperm species ( Petit et al 2005 ) and other Iris species, such as Iris dichotoma ( H d = 0.725) ( Zhang et al 2020 ). SSR data also revealed a high genetic diversity ( H o = 0.689, H e = 0.699), which was generally higher than other studied herbaceous plants in the QTP, e.g.…”

Chloroplast Genome Provides Insights into Molecular Evolution and Species Relationship of Fleabanes (Erigeron: Tribe Astereae, Asteraceae) in the Juan Fernández Islands, Chile

“…In comparison to the five mutation hotspot regions of insular Erigeron (the Astereae tribe) with those in the genus Dendroseris (the Cichorieae tribe), two regions, ycf1 and trnT / trnL , are found to be highly variable [ 19 ]. Highly variable chloroplast regions have been widely utilized for species delimitation, phylogenetic inference, and infraspecific phylogeography [ 30 , 31 , 32 , 33 , 34 , 35 , 36 ]. Therefore, we suggest that several variable chloroplast regions found in Erigeron may serve as effective DNA barcoding markers and could be useful for Erigeron phylogenetic and infraspecific phylogeographic studies.…”

Filogeografía de Tigridia durangensis (Tigridieae: Iridaceae), una especie endémica de la Zona de Transición Mexicana

“…En contraste, el valor de Hd (0.826) fue alto y puede explicarse por el aislamiento y ausencia de flujo génico entre las poblaciones de la SMOc y la FVT. En T. durangensis, los valores de π y Hd son comparables con los observados en Iris dichotoma Pall e I. loczyi Kanitz (Zhang et al 2020(Zhang et al , 2021. En general, la diversidad genética en T. durangensis fue baja.…”

“…Los resultados apoyan la hipótesis que la complejidad topográfica de la ZTM ha influido en la estructura genética y filogeográfica de las poblaciones de T. durangensis. En Iridaceae, Zhang et al (2020) encontraron estructura poblacional y filogeográfica en Iris dichotoma. Los autores proponen que su diversidad y estructura genética fueron ocasionadas por la orogenia de las zonas de contacto entre Los haplotipos en la red de Tigridia durangensis y el cladograma formaron dos grupos (Figura 3).…”