Chloroplast and Cytoplasmic Ribosomes of
            <i>Euglena</i>
            : Selective Binding of Dihydrostreptomycin to Chloroplast Ribosomes

Schwartzbach, Steven D.; Schiff, Jerome A.

doi:10.1128/jb.120.1.334-341.1974

Cited by 45 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 43 publications

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“…E. gracilis cells grown under constant darkness can lose their chloroplast, but this condition can be reversed (Schiff and Schwartzbach, 1982). Streptomycin (Sm) is an antibiotic that does not inhibit cell division or viability of E. gracilis, but 'bleaches' the cells by causing the permanent loss of plastids and plastid DNA in dividing photosynthetic cells and by blocking the development of chloroplasts in nondividing cells (Schwartzbach and Schiff, 1974).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Chromium induced stress conditions in heterotrophic and auxotrophic strains of Euglena gracilis

Rocchetta

Mazzuca

Conforti

et al. 2012

Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Chromium induced stress conditions in heterotrophic and auxotrophic strains of Euglena gracilis

Rocchetta

Mazzuca

Conforti

et al. 2012

Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety

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“…Euglena gracilis cells grown under constant darkness can lose their chloroplast, but in a reversible manner (Schiff & Schwartzbach, 1982). Streptomycin (Sm) is an antibiotic that does not inhibit cell division or viability of E. gracilis, but 'bleaches' the cells by causing the permanent loss of plastids and plastid DNA in dividing photosynthetic cells and by blocking the development of chloroplasts in nondividing cells (Schwartzbach & Schiff, 1974). This effect may be linked to binding of Sm to the chloroplast ribosomes, resulting in a selective inhibition of plastid protein synthesis (Schwartzbach & Schiff, 1974).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Chromium‐ and copper‐induced inhibition of photosynthesis in Euglena gracilis analysed on the single‐cell level by fluorescence kinetic microscopy

Rocchetta

Küpper

2009

New Phytologist

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Summary• Here, we investigated effects of copper (Cu) and chromium (Cr) toxicity on two contrasting strains of Euglena gracilis, with and without chloroplasts, grown in culture media promoting either phototrophic or heterotrophic growth. This led to insights into Cr/Cu toxicity mechanisms and into the regulation of phototrophic vs heterotrophic metabolism.• Our data strongly suggest that in Cu 2+ and Cr 6+ stressed Euglena photosynthesis is the primary target of damage. In the applied light conditions, this was mainly damage to the photosystem II reaction centre, as shown by single-cell measurements of photochemical fluorescence quenching. Respiration and photosynthetic dark reactions were less sensitive.• The malfunctioning photosynthesis enhanced production of reactive oxygen species (mainly superoxide), leading to elevated amounts of carotenoid degradation products. At higher metal concentrations in chloroplast-containing cells, but not white cells, this oxidative stress resulted in increased respiratory oxygen uptake, likely by damage to mitochondria.• During growth in nutrient solution promoting heterotrophic metabolism, the cells were able to repair the metal-induced damage to photosynthesis, moderating the inhibition of photochemistry. Growth in medium forcing the cells into photosynthesis increased the investment in photosynthetic pigments. Comparison of the two Euglena strains surprisingly showed that the previously metal-resistant strain lost this resistance during culture.Abbreviations: Chl, chlorophyll; FKM, fluorescence kinetic microscope; F 0 , minimal fluorescence yield of a dark-adapted sample, fluorescence in nonactinic measuring light; F m , maximum fluorescence yield of a dark-adapted sample; F v /F m = (F m -F 0 )/ F m , maximal photochemical quantum yield of PSII in dark-adapted state; [hms]-Chl, heavy metal substituted Chl (i.e. Chl in which the central ion, Mg 2+ , is replaced by a heavy metal ion); Mg-substitution, substitution of the natural central ion of Chl, Mg 2+ , by heavy metals; NPQ, nonphotochemical quenching -in this paper, we measure nonphotochemical quenching as q CN = (F m − F m ′)/F m , 'complete non-photochemical quenching of Chl fluorescence', i.e. with normalisation to F m ; PSII, photosystem II; RC, photosynthetic reaction centre; Sm, Streptomycin; Φ PSII = Φ e = (F m ′ − F t ′)/F m ′, effective quantum yield of photochemical energy conversion in actinic light. Values of this parameter were also calculated for the relaxation period after the end of actinic light in order to follow the return of the system to its dark-acclimated state as measured by F v /F m .

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“…Streptomycin resistant Euglena strains have been described (10,11), i. e., streptomycin resistance is most likely a convenient chloroplast bound genetic marker.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The genes for the ribosomal proteins S12 and S7 are clustered with the gene for the EF-Tu protein on the chloroplast genome ofEuglena gracilis

Montandon

Stutz

1984

Nucl Acids Res

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We characterize a DNA segment of the Euglena gracilis chloroplast DNA fragment Eco . N by nucleotide sequencing and S1 nuclease analysis. We show that this region, which is upstream of the previously sequenced tuf A gene, contains the genes for the ribosomal proteins S12 and S7. The gene arrangement is 5'-rps 12-80 bp spacer-rps 7-174 bp spacer-tuf A, somewhat similar to the str operon of E. coli. The chloroplast S12 and S7 proteins contain 124 and 155 aminoacids, respectively, and are to 68% and 38% homologous with the corresponding E. coli proteins. The region is transcribed into a distronic mRNA of about 1.1 to 1.2 kb. The rps 12 and rps 7 genes, contrary to the tuf A gene, are not split.

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Chloroplast and Cytoplasmic Ribosomes of Euglena : Selective Binding of Dihydrostreptomycin to Chloroplast Ribosomes

Cited by 45 publications

References 43 publications

Chromium induced stress conditions in heterotrophic and auxotrophic strains of Euglena gracilis

Chromium induced stress conditions in heterotrophic and auxotrophic strains of Euglena gracilis

Chromium‐ and copper‐induced inhibition of photosynthesis in Euglena gracilis analysed on the single‐cell level by fluorescence kinetic microscopy

The genes for the ribosomal proteins S12 and S7 are clustered with the gene for the EF-Tu protein on the chloroplast genome ofEuglena gracilis

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