Chlorophenols in Tigris River and Drinking Water of Baghdad, Iraq

Al-Janabi, Khalid Waleed S.; Alazawi, Fatin Nafea; Mohammed, M. Ibrahim; Kadhum, Abdul Amir H.; Mohamad, Abu Bakar

doi:10.1007/s00128-011-0315-y

Cited by 17 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…The Tigris River is one of the largest rivers in Iraq, and is considered the main source of drinking water for Baghdad, which is the largest city in the country and the second largest city in the Arab world with a population estimated by 7.5 million [7,8].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessment of Water Quality in Tigris River-Iraq by Using GIS Mapping

Kadhem¹

2013

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In this study, 96 water samples were collected from the Tigris River within Baghdad city. These samples were used for studying the physical and chemical parameters by using a geographical information system GIS (spatial analysis). The analytical results show high concentration of total dissolved solid (TDS), electric conductivity (EC), total hardness, Sulphate (SO 4 ), Chloride (Cl) and Iron (Fe), which indicates signs of deterioration. On the other hand, the values of pH, calcium (Ca), Magnesium (Mg), and fluoride (F) are within permissible limits as per World Health Organization (WHO) and Iraqi Criteria.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessment of Water Quality in Tigris River-Iraq by Using GIS Mapping

Kadhem¹

2013

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“…The detection limits of the method were 0.001 -0.005 mg/L, except for 2-CP, which was never less than 0.013 mg/L (Table II). The limit of detection of this method was significantly more satisfactory than other common methods of detection of chlorophenols such as high-performance liquid chromatography -diode array detection (HPLC -DAD) (27), HPLC -ultraviolet detection (4) and GC -flame ionization detection (5).…”

Section: Gas Chromatographymentioning

confidence: 93%

Direct Acetylation and Determination of Chlorophenols in Aqueous Samples by Gas Chromatography Coupled with an Electron-Capture Detector

Al-Janabi

Alazawi

Mohammed

et al. 2012

Journal of Chromatographic Science

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A method was developed that offers a rapid, simple and accurate technique for the determination of chlorophenols at trace levels in aqueous samples with very limited volumes of organic solvents. These compounds were acetylated, then preliminarily extracted with n-hexane. The enriched chlorophenols were directly analyzed using gas chromatography with an electron-capture detector. The detection limits were in the range of 0.001-0.005 mg/L, except for 2-chlorophenol, which was always above 0.013 mg/L. Relative standard deviation for the spiked water samples ranged from 2.2 to 6.1%, while relative recoveries were in the range of 67.1 to 101.3%.

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“…Therefore, periodic assessment of the quality of drinking water sources is necessary to ensure the quality and safety of water supplies for people (Ameen, 2019). The increase in the population and the expansion of economic activities in recent years have led to different uses of water, which leads to deterioration in water quality (Varol et al, 2010;Al-Janabi et al, 2011).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hydrochemical Evaluation of Raw Water and Treated Water in the Liquefaction Plant of Kirkuk Unified Water Project Using WQI Technique, Northern Iraq

Al-Salihy

Sadeq

Al-Jumaily

2021

IGJ

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Potable water is one of the main sources for the sustainability and development of human life. The current study aimed to assess the hydrochemistry of water in the unified Kirkuk water project (as it supplies the neighborhoods of the city with drinking water) for the dry and wet season (2019-2020) and the efficiency of the plant in water purification. Eleven samples were collected for the dry and wet season (W1-W11) from raw water, before adding alum, after adding alum, sterilization basin, ground tanks and tap water. The major and minor elements (Ca+ 2, Mg+2, Na +, K +, HCO3-, SO4-2, Cl-, NO3-) were analyzed respectively. The chemical and physical properties are measured which include pH, electrical conductivity, total dissolved solids (TDS), and turbidity. The results showed that they are in conformity with the specifications of the World Health Organization and the Iraqi Standard Specifications for the two seasons (dry and wet), except for the turbidity concentration in raw water for the two seasons, which was higher than the permissible limits due to weathering and erosion of geological layers as well as washing of agricultural lands and soils with rainwater. The application of the Water Quality Index indicated that the raw water samples were not suitable for drinking as they were classified under the category (unsuitable water), while the treated water samples were classified under the category (good water) for the dry and wet seasons.

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Chlorophenols in Tigris River and Drinking Water of Baghdad, Iraq

Cited by 17 publications

References 13 publications

Assessment of Water Quality in Tigris River-Iraq by Using GIS Mapping

Assessment of Water Quality in Tigris River-Iraq by Using GIS Mapping

Direct Acetylation and Determination of Chlorophenols in Aqueous Samples by Gas Chromatography Coupled with an Electron-Capture Detector

Hydrochemical Evaluation of Raw Water and Treated Water in the Liquefaction Plant of Kirkuk Unified Water Project Using WQI Technique, Northern Iraq

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