The study is concerned with geochemical evaluation of heavy metals pollution in Kirkuk soil,northern Iraq.Samples were collected from twenty-eight locations of surface soils at Kirkuk industrial quarter.The results obtained from heavy metals determination in this study showed that the concentration of Pb ranged from 71 to 433 mg/kg,Ni concentration was from 49 to 285mg/kg,Zn ranged from 32to 186 mg/kg,Cd,Cr and Cu were in the range from 1.0 to 4.9 mg/kg,15 to 198 mg/kg and 24 to 182 mg/kg respectively.Variance coefficients revealed that one group of metals affected by anthropogenic pollution.Principal component analysis extracted two major components:PC1 with high loading of Cd,Pb,Ni, and Cr is suggested to be the result of industrial activities and PC2 with contribution of Zn and Cu due to use of soil constituent processes or anthropogenic influences.Assessment of environmental state of soil by means of geochemical load indices(GLI)calculated for each metal showed that concentration of heavy metals were great in elements Pb(2.1)and Cd(3.55) show moderately to high pollution at Kirkuk industrial quarter soil .
Soil pollution adversely affects the safety and health of the human being. The main objective of the study is to determine the concentrations of heavy metals (As, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Fe, Mn, Mo, Ni, Pb and Zn) in surface soil in Al-Hawija, southwestern Kirkuk. Twenty-one samples were collected and analyzed by inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) to measure the content of heavy metals and assess the soil pollution by using the contamination factor, degree of contamination, geoaccumulation index, pollution load index and ecological risk index (RI). The results indicate that there is high pollution by lead, chromium and copper (78.8, 87.4 and 53.8 mg/kg) respectively, in industrial areas due to anthropogenic sources with the presence of significant ecological risk (Er) of the lead (116) in site S7, due to its high concentrations, while size fraction analysis indicated that all heavy metals are concentrated in the fine parts as a result of adsorption processes by clay minerals.
To investigate the potential link between toxic heavy elements in soil with soil physiochemical properties and oxides, as well as their impact on the bioaccumulation of these elements in wheat grains. Agriculture soil and wheat grains were sampled from Yaychi area, Kirkuk northeast of Iraq. Soil physiochemical properties, oxides and toxic heavy elements contents were determined. The average concentration of toxic heavy elements in soil was in this order Ni> Cr> Pb> As> Cd> Hg, and some of these elements had exceeded their average in earth's crust and Canadian Agricultural Soil Quality Guidelines. While in wheat grains the toxic heavy elements, contents were in the following order Cr> Ni> Pb> As> Cd> Hg. The soil physiochemical properties in the study area are shown to be medium alkaline, non-saline, calcareous, non-gypsiferous, inorganic and loam texture. It became clear from the correlation matrix that the toxic heavy elements except for arsenic have significant relationships with different soil physiochemical properties and major oxides. In turn, oxides and the physiochemical properties of the soil and its type reduced the bioaccumulation of these elements in wheat grains except for arsenic, as appeared in the present study, that toxic heavy elements do not accumulate in wheat grains. And among the studied elements, arsenic had the highest bioaccumulation rate in wheat grains, because its concentration in soil has been affected by only human activities.
The present work is to evaluate and investigate the distribution of heavy metals (As, Cr and Cd) and to assess the road side samples contamination using an Index (SEPI), (CPI), (GAI), (CF) and (PLI). From right and left Khasa in Kirkuk city, road soil samples were collected in order to estimate the probable contamination level of heavy metals (Cd), (As) and (Cr) in the study area. The heavy metal concentrations were determined in the way side samples by using (ICP-MS) technique. The 22 samples have collected in August, 2013. The results of average levels of heavy metals revealed Cr, As and Cd recorded the highest concentration of (178.6 ppm, 10.4 ppm and 0.599 ppm) in right Khasa respectively. These heavy metals are recorded the lowest value (165.8, 8.29 and 0.4 ppm) in left Khasa respectively. However, the concentration of Cr and As was higher than the studied worldwide permissible of contaminated soil. The highest (SEPI) for As in right Khasa and Cr in left in Khasa seems therefore to be that this road side soil is the most polluted in the city of Kirkuk classified moderately contamination. The accounted of (CPI) for As, Cd and Cr ranged from 0.82 to 1.30 with average 1.01 and 0.6 to 1.12 with an average 0.78 in right and left Khasa respectively. The highest values in the right Khasa which suggest multi-elements contamination and suggested this area of study area received more heavy metals comes from manmade and industrial activities. The GAI showed a moderate contaminated with Cd in right Khasa of study area, while the other metals are in their uncontaminated level. The CF results has been showed by a considerable contamination metals (As, Cr and Cd) in of right Khasa, but low to moderate contamination in left Khasa. The results of (PLI) revealed a deterioration of site quality in all samples of Kirkuk city. Thus the evaluation methods revealed that the studied areas especially right Khasa impacted with heavy industrial activity, phosphate fertilizer, emission of gasses from automobile manufacture tire abrasion and workshop causing an increasing in metal concentrations towards the right Khasa. How to cite this paper: Al-Jumaily, H.A.A.
Evaluation of the environmental geochemistry needs studying element content in different environmental profiles, for that reason the zinc content has been studied in the soil-plant to fill gaps in Kirkuk City. Ten soil samples (L1–L10) are collected from agricultural fields (0–20 cm depth), with twelve leafy vegetable samples for four types, and each type has three samples: celery (N1, N2, N3), basil (N4, N5, N6), cress (N7, N8, N9), and arugula (N10, N11, N12) from the fields (L2, L7, L8) which the soil sample were chosen. Samples were analyzed using ICP-MS technique. The results show the average concentration value of Zn in soil samples is 70.91 mg/kg the highest concentration is recorded in sample L7 (169.2 mg/kg), whereas in the plant samples the highest average of Zn was found in cress 67.73> basil 52.53> arugula 38.9> celery 29.3 in mg/kg, respectively. Transfer factor value showed that the highest value in Cress 0.729> TF Basil 0.612> TF Arugula 0.511> TF Celery 0.395, respectively. Igeo result values show that all soil sampling sites are unpolluted with Zn, except L7 is unpolluted to moderate with Igeo value (0.8). The contamination factor values in L7, L8, L9, L10 samples (2.603, 1.284, 1.086 and 1.129) refers to a moderate contamination level with Zn. Target hazard quotient values for children >1 in samples N4, N5, N7, N8, N9, N10, and target hazard quotient values for adult >1 in samples N5, N8, N9, that indicate they are exposed to different health effects. The increase in the concentration of the Zn in soils is due to irrigated field crops with wastewater, and through it, the plant absorbs it by root depending on the type of plant, the location of the sample, and the soil properties.
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