Chlorophenol exposure in harbor workers exposed to river silt aerosols

Radon, Katja; Wegner, Ralf; Heinrich‐Ramm, R.; Baur, Xaver; Poschadel, Bernd; Szadkowski, D

doi:10.1002/ajim.20002

Cited by 8 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…and 2,4,6-TCP (0.7-3.5 mg/g creatinine) were similar to the limit of detection for 2,4,5-TCP and to the median 2,4,6 TCP values, respectively, for males in NHANES 1999(Agramunt et al, 2003. In harbor workers exposed to chlorophenol-contaminated river silt, the median urinary 2,4,6-TCP level, 0.36 mg/g creatinine, was about six times lower than the median urinary levels for males in this Report (Radon et al, 2004). Sawmill workers exposed to chlorophenol wood preservatives had urinary 2,4,6-TCP levels that were as much as 450 times higher than the median level among adults in the NHANES 1999-2000 subsample (Pekari et al, 1991).…”

Section: Organochlorine Pesticidescontrasting

confidence: 53%

“…Such workers would probably be exposed to mixtures of chlorophenols, in addition to dioxins, furans, and other chlorinated compounds. However, recent small studies have not demonstrated increased exposure to trichlorophenols in workers who dredged contaminated soils or incinerated waste materials (Agramunt et al, 2003;Radon et al, 2004 http://www.atsdr.cdc.gov/toxpro2.html.…”

Section: Metabolite Of Several Organochlorine Insecticidesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Estimating perchlorate exposure from food and tap water based on US biomonitoring and occurrence data

Huber

Blount

Mage

et al. 2010

J Expo Sci Environ Epidemiol

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Section: Organochlorine Pesticidescontrasting

confidence: 53%

Section: Metabolite Of Several Organochlorine Insecticidesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Estimating perchlorate exposure from food and tap water based on US biomonitoring and occurrence data

Huber

Blount

Mage

et al. 2010

J Expo Sci Environ Epidemiol

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“…The LODs ranged from 0.5 ng/mL to 2.0 ng/mL, as measured by a UV detector and a 1.0 mL standard solution. These values were mostly below the existing concentrations in available studies of human exposure [13,14,19]. The LODs were comparable to those obtained by LC-MS/MS [4], GC-MS or GC-FID/ECD [13,41,42] analysis.…”

Section: Quality Control and Performance Of Methodssupporting

confidence: 58%

“…Studies on human or environmental exposures to these highly toxic compounds are ongoing [14][15][16]. Since human exposures to these compounds can be assessed by measuring them in urine, CPs in urine were frequently analyzed and monitored as xenobiotic indicators for metabolism studies or occupational exposures [17][18][19].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Direct analysis of eight chlorophenols in urine by large volume injection online turbulent flow solid-phase extraction liquid chromatography with multiple wavelength ultraviolet detection

Guo

Liu

Shi

et al. 2014

Talanta

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a b s t r a c tA novel method for determining eight chlorophenols (CPs) by large volume injection online turbulent flow solid-phase extraction high performance liquid chromatography in urine samples was developed. An aliquot of 1.0 mL urine sample could be analyzed directly after centrifugation. The analytes were preconcentrated online on a Turboflow C18-P SPE column, eluted in back-flush mode, and then separated on an Acclaim PA2 analytical column. Major parameters such as SPE column type, sample loading flow rate and elution time were optimized in detail. Eight CPs from monochlorophenol to pentacholophenol were measured by multiple-wavelength UV detection at four different wavelengths. The limits of detection (LODs) were between 0.5 and 2 ng/mL. The linearity range was from the limit of quantification to 1000 ng/mL for each compound, with the coefficients of determination (r 2 ) ranging from 0.9990 to 0.9996. The reproducibility of intraday and interday relative standard deviations (RSDs) ranged from 0.6% to 4.5% (n ¼5). The method was successfully applied to analyze eight CPs in urine samples. Good recoveries, ranging from 76.3% to 122.9%, were obtained. This simple, sensitive and accurate method provides an alternative way to rapidly analyze and monitor CPs in urine samples, especially for matters of occupational exposure.

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“…It is restricted for general public use.6 It can be broken down by micro-organisms and sunlight into compounds such as dichlorophenol. 14 The effects of these compounds on human immune function for the most part have not been examined. There are some studies investigating associations of organochlorine exposure with changes in immune functions in humans.8'15'16 An association between blood levels of DDT and decreased NK number and function has been reported.15 Chlordane has been shown to reduce NK cell activity in mice, in vivo,17 while the cx-and y-chlordane breakdown product, oxychlordane, has been shown to be immunosuppressive when studied in vitro using mice spleen cells.18 To our knowledge there have been no studies investigating the effects of exposures to these organochlorine compounds under in vitro conditions on the cytotoxic function of human NK cells.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Immunomodulation of human natural killer cell cytotoxic function by organochlorine pesticides

et al. 2004

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Organochlorine pesticides are used worldwide. To our knowledge there have been no studies dealing with the effects of these agents under in vitro conditions on human natural killer (NK) cell cytotoxic function. NK cells play a central role in immune defense against tumor development and viral infections. Thus, any agent that interferes with the ability of NK cells to lyse their targets could increase the risk of tumor incidence and/or viral infections. In this study, we examined the effects of organochlorine pesticides and some of their breakdown products on the ability of human NK cells to lyse tumor cells. A total of 11 compounds were tested. The compounds were tested in both purified NK cells as well as a cell preparation that contained other mononuclear cells (predominantly T cells) and NK lymphocytes (referred to as T/NK cells). Lymphocytes were exposed to the compounds for periods of time ranging from 1 hour to 6 days. Exposure of highly purified NK cells to 5 μ M α-chlordane, γ-chlordane, 4,4'-DDT, heptachlor, oxychlordane, or pentachlorophenol (PCP) inhibited their ability to destroy K562 tumor-cells by 88±5, 92±8, 61±13%, 64±10%, 69±11%, 76±12%, respectively, after a 24h exposure. The loss of cytotoxic function seen with α-and γ-chlordane remained essentially constant out to 6 days, while that seen with 4,4'-DDT, oxychordane and PCP increased with longer exposures (6 d). PCP was the most effective of the compounds tested at decreasing NK function. Of the compounds that caused decreased lytic function when tested in purified NK cells, only PCP and oxychordane decreased the lytic function of the T/NK cell preparation after any exposure. The results provide evidence of relative toxic potential for the 11 compounds and their immunomodulatory effects on other mononuclear cells (such as T-cells, B-cells, and monocytes) as well as NK lymphocyte function.

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Chlorophenol exposure in harbor workers exposed to river silt aerosols

Cited by 8 publications

References 15 publications

Estimating perchlorate exposure from food and tap water based on US biomonitoring and occurrence data

Estimating perchlorate exposure from food and tap water based on US biomonitoring and occurrence data

Direct analysis of eight chlorophenols in urine by large volume injection online turbulent flow solid-phase extraction liquid chromatography with multiple wavelength ultraviolet detection

Immunomodulation of human natural killer cell cytotoxic function by organochlorine pesticides

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