Chlorogenic Acid of Cirsium japonicum Resists Oxidative Stress Caused by Aging and Prolongs Healthspan via SKN-1/Nrf2 and DAF-16/FOXO in Caenorhabditis elegans

Abstract

To evaluate the value of Cirsium japonicum (CJ; thistle) as a material for functional foods, we studied the functional composition of cultivated CJ and the in vitro and in vivo antioxidant activity of the functional substance. The detected phenolics in farmed CJ were chlorogenic acid (CA), linarin (LIN), and pectolinarin (PLIN) by HPLC analysis. As a result of the antioxidant activity of CJ and its phenolics by DPPH and ABTS method, CA had shown the greatest antioxidant activity. We employed Caenorhabditis elegans to validate that in vitro effects of CA are shown in vivo. CA delayed reduction in pumping rate and progeny production during aging of C. elegans. Under both normal and oxidative stress conditions, CA reduced the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in worms and increased their lifespan. In particular, CA showed the reducing effect of ROS accumulation due to aging in aged worms (8 days old). To gain insight into the mechanism, we used skn-1/Nrf2 and daf-16/FOXO transformed worms. The CA effects (on catalase activity and lifespan extension) in the wild-type (WT) decreased in skn-1 and daf-16 mutants. In particular, CA strongly relied on daf-16 under mild oxidative condition and skn-1 under overall (from mild to strong) oxidative stress to reduce ROS and extend healthspan. Thus, we conclude that CA, a key bioactive phenolic of CJ, reduces ROS production and ultimately extends healthspan, and this effect is the result of actions of daf-16 or skn-1 at different stages depending on the degree of oxidation or aging. Our results suggest that CJ containing CA can be used as an antiaging material due to its antioxidant properties.

In Vitro and In Vivo Insights into a Broccoli Byproduct as a Healthy Ingredient for the Management of Alzheimer’s Disease and Aging through Redox Biology

“…54 Furthermore, chlorogenic acid reduced the aging-induced ROS production in C. elegans and increased worms' lifespan and healthspan. 55 Caffeoylquinic acid reversed cognitive deficits in AD model mice, 56 and both phenolic acids exhibited neuroprotective properties by inhibiting AChE and BChE activities as well as preventing oxidative stress-induced neurodegeneration in rats. 57 Additionally, lower uridine levels have been associated with AD progression, 58 and the administration of a uridine prodrug reduced cognition impairments, tau phosphorylation, lipid peroxidation, ROS levels, and mitochondrial DNA damage.…”

“…Furthermore, chlorogenic acid reduced the aging-induced ROS production in C. elegans and increased worms’ lifespan and healthspan . Caffeoylquinic acid reversed cognitive deficits in AD model mice, and both phenolic acids exhibited neuroprotective properties by inhibiting AChE and BChE activities as well as preventing oxidative stress-induced neurodegeneration in rats .…”

Autumn Olive (Elaeagnus umbellata Thunb.) Berries Improve Lipid Metabolism and Delay Aging in Middle-Aged Caenorhabditis elegans

“…In aging studies using nematodes, behavioral changes and offspring production ability are identified as biomarkers [ 22 ]. In our results, FAOB increased locomotion ability and fertility that were reduced by aging ( Figure 5 ).…”

“…Also, the content of minerals and organic acids differed depending on the presence or absence of the berry peels of Ellaegnus angustifolia L. [ 24 ]. In addition to AOB-related research, many studies have demonstrated that plant materials differ in their internal and external quality factors and potency as a result of their cultivation characteristics and post-harvest management [ 22 , 25 ]. On the other hand, plant extracts used in many studies are extracted using alcoholic solvents to obtain phenolic substances [ 26 ]; however, we performed water extraction because we intended to utilize AOB as a tea product.…”

Researching New Drug Combinations with Senolytic Activity Using Senescent Human Lung Fibroblasts MRC-5 Cell Line

“…No data about senolytic activity were registered in the literature. Of note, other natural polyphenols assayed in our work had previously demonstrated anticancer and anti-aging activity, and they were not senolytics, either alone or combined with dasatinib, such as as chlorogenic acid [ 41 , 42 ]. This indicates a specific senolytic activity of quercetin, resveratrol, and ellagic acid when combined with dasatinib.…”