Chlorogenic Acid Is Absorbed in Its Intact Form in the Stomach of Rats

Abstract

The bioavailability of chlorogenic acid, a major polyphenol of the human diet that is particularly abundant in coffee and various fruits, was explored in rats. To identify the form under which it is absorbed through the gut mucosa and the site of absorption along the gastrointestinal tract, rats were fed a diet supplemented with chlorogenic acid (0.25%, wt:wt). Chlorogenic acid and its metabolites were estimated in the stomach, small intestine and cecal contents as well as in bladder urine and plasma by HPLC with coulometric detection at several time points (1.5, 3, 4.5, and 7 h) after the beginning of the meal. Minor hydrolysis of chlorogenic acid (<1%) occurred in the stomach and small intestine contents, whereas 15-32% of ingested chlorogenic acid was hydrolyzed into caffeic acid in the cecum. Chlorogenic acid and caffeic acid appeared early (at 1.5 h) in plasma and urine, suggesting an absorption of chlorogenic acid into the upper part of the gastrointestinal tract. Gastric absorption of chlorogenic acid was further examined by infusing chlorogenic acid in the ligated stomach of food-deprived rats. After 30 min of infusion, intact chlorogenic acid was found in the gastric vein and aorta. No other metabolites could be detected by HPLC-electrospray ionization-MS-MS. These results show for the first time that chlorogenic acid is quickly absorbed in the rat stomach in its intact form.

Criteria for Safe Use of Plant Ingredients in Diets for Aquacultured Fish

“…Chlorogenic acid is absorbed intact in the rat (Gonthier et al, 2002;Lafay et al, 2007), human (Olthof et al, 2001) and in mice absorption occurs in the stomach (Lafay et al, 2006) and in all cases it is detectable in plasma and urine. Chlorogenic acid in the distal aspects of the GIT from the small intestine downwards is mainly hydrolysed by the gut microflora into the constituent components which possess highly variable bioavailabilities (Gonthier et al, 2002;Lafay et al, 2007).…”

Antihypertensive effects and mechanisms of chlorogenic acids

“…18,36,[37][38][39][40] The major CGA metabolites were ferulic, caffeic and isoferulic acid, which were seen in blood stream after CGA, GCE or regular coffee consumption. Physiologically, one-third of ingested CGAs in foods and beverages were absorbed by the small intestine (shown in subjects with ileostomy-a surgical procedure that brings a loop of small intestine, that is, ileum, out onto the surface of the abdominal skin) and was measured by high performance liquid chromatography in the forms of 3-CQA, 4-CQA and 5-CQA in plasma.…”

Study on the Postprandial Glucose Responses to a Chlorogenic Acid-Rich Extract of Decaffeinated Green Coffee Beans in Rats and Healthy Human Subjects

“…Hydroxycinnamic acid derivatives in EDGCB interact with the Na + -dependent glucose transporter as antagonist-of rats, preferentially in the jejunum, and net absorption accounted for 8% of the perfused 5-CQAs (Lafay et al, 2006b). With regard to the bioavailability of chlorogenic acids in humans, it was reported that in healthy subjects, more than 30% (33.1 ± 23.1%) of ingested cinnamic acid moieties, including metabolites, were recovered in plasma with peak levels being observed 0.5 to 8 h after the consumption of 2 capsules of green coffee extract (Svetol; 400 mg) (Farah et al, 2008).…”