Chloroform compatible, thiol-ene based replica molded micro chemical devices as an alternative to glass microfluidic chips

Geczy, Reka; Sticker, Drago; Bovet, N.; Häfeli, Urs O.; Kutter, Jörg Peter

doi:10.1039/c8lc01260a

Cited by 20 publications

(32 citation statements)

References 35 publications

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“…Hence, the stain might not have an influence on the scattering pattern. These observations have to be related to the recent published results from Geczy et al [47] who evidenced that heating thiol-ene materials improves compatibility with solvent. They explain the effect of the heat treatment by a structural rearrangement with a volumetric change in the polymer and an increase of the glass transition temperature.…”

Section: X-ray Scattering Profilementioning

confidence: 70%

“…Solutions of hexadecane and light mineral oil with 1 % (w/w) of Span 80 were able to stabilize water-in-oil droplets in devices with and without surface treatment. In addition to these solvents, a wider range of solvent compatibility is expected, as Geczy et al [47] have recently shown an increase of compatibility with solvents such as chloroform, tetrahydrofuran, dimethylformamide, after heat treatment of OSTE+ materials. This opens the way towards multiple applications of the OSTE+ chips (e.g.…”

Section: Solvent Compatibility For Droplet Generationmentioning

confidence: 99%

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OSTE+ for in situ SAXS analysis with droplet microfluidic devices

et al. 2020

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Section: X-ray Scattering Profilementioning

confidence: 70%

Section: Solvent Compatibility For Droplet Generationmentioning

confidence: 99%

OSTE+ for in situ SAXS analysis with droplet microfluidic devices

et al. 2020

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“…The scattering is also evident in the confocal microscopy images presented here, which lack the crisp image quality and detail seen in PDMS devices. Moreover, some reports have mentioned that heat treatment could affect OSTE optical properties [ 75 ]; however, here the thermal treatment of OSTE LOAC was critical for bonding of OSTE and PC membrane. As a summary, see Table 1 for a comparison between PDMS and OSTE for various properties important for LOAC development.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Lung on a Chip Development from Off-Stoichiometry Thiol–Ene Polymer

et al. 2021

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Current in vitro models have significant limitations for new respiratory disease research and rapid drug repurposing. Lung on a chip (LOAC) technology offers a potential solution to these problems. However, these devices typically are fabricated from polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS), which has small hydrophobic molecule absorption, which hinders the application of this technology in drug repurposing for respiratory diseases. Off-stoichiometry thiol–ene (OSTE) is a promising alternative material class to PDMS. Therefore, this study aimed to test OSTE as an alternative material for LOAC prototype development and compare it to PDMS. We tested OSTE material for light transmission, small molecule absorption, inhibition of enzymatic reactions, membrane particle, and fluorescent dye absorption. Next, we microfabricated LOAC devices from PDMS and OSTE, functionalized with human umbilical vein endothelial cell (HUVEC) and A549 cell lines, and analyzed them with immunofluorescence. We demonstrated that compared to PDMS, OSTE has similar absorption of membrane particles and effect on enzymatic reactions, significantly lower small molecule absorption, and lower light transmission. Consequently, the immunofluorescence of OSTE LOAC was significantly impaired by OSTE optical properties. In conclusion, OSTE is a promising material for LOAC, but optical issues should be addressed in future LOAC prototypes to benefit from the material properties.

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“…Polymer-based microfluidic chips have been produced with a variety of materials and techniques, e.g., utilizing PDMS for replica molding [20,21], SU-8 for photolithography [22,23], PMMA for hot embossing [24], polycarbonate for injection molding [25], and polyimide for plasma etching [26,27]. The most widely applied material, PDMS, is particularly prone to swelling when exposed to organic solvents [21], but many other polymers also suffer from swelling or degradation by organic solvents [28]. On the other hand, thiol-ene polymers were shown to be very compatible with many solvents [28].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Non-aqueous electrophoresis integrated with electrospray ionization mass spectrometry on a thiol-ene polymer–based microchip device

et al. 2021

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Non-aqueous capillary electrophoresis (NACE) on microfluidic chips is still a comparatively little explored area, despite the inherent advantages of this technique and its application potential for, in particular, lipophilic compounds. A main reason is probably the fact that implementation of NACE on microchips largely precluded the use of polymeric substrate materials. Here, we report non-aqueous electrophoresis on a thiol-ene-based microfluidic chip coupled to mass spectrometry via an on-chip ESI interface. Microchips with an integrated ESI emitter were fabricated using a double-molding approach. The durability of thiolene, when exposed to different organic solvents, was investigated with respect to swelling and decomposition of the polymer. Thiol-ene exhibited good stability against organic solvents such as methanol, ethanol, N-methylformamide, and formamide, which allows for a wide range of background electrolyte compositions. The integrated ESI emitter provided a stable spray with RSD% of the ESI signal ≤8%. Separation efficiency of the developed microchip electrophoresis system in different non-aqueous buffer solutions was tested with a mixture of several drugs of abuse. Ethanol-and methanol-based buffers provided comparable high theoretical plate numbers (≈ 6.6 × 10 4 -1.6 × 10 5 m −1 ) with ethanol exhibiting the best separation efficiency. Direct coupling of non-aqueous electrophoresis to mass spectrometry allowed for fast analysis of hydrophobic compounds in the range of 0.1-5 μg mL −1 and 0.2-10 μg mL −1 and very good sensitivities (LOD ≈ 0.06-0.28 μg mL −1 ; LOQ ≈ 0.20-0.90 μg mL −1 ). The novel combination of non-aqueous CE on a microfluidic thiol-ene device and ESI-MS provides a mass-producible and highly versatile system for the analysis of, in particular, lipophilic compounds in a wide range of organic solvents. This offers promising potential for future applications in forensic, clinical, and environmental analysis.

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Chloroform compatible, thiol-ene based replica molded micro chemical devices as an alternative to glass microfluidic chips

Abstract: We render thiol-ene polymers exceptionally solvent resistant by applying heat post-fabrication. The method is simple, effective, and universal for various thiol-enes and solvents.

Cited by 20 publications

References 35 publications

OSTE+ for in situ SAXS analysis with droplet microfluidic devices

OSTE+ for in situ SAXS analysis with droplet microfluidic devices

Lung on a Chip Development from Off-Stoichiometry Thiol–Ene Polymer

Non-aqueous electrophoresis integrated with electrospray ionization mass spectrometry on a thiol-ene polymer–based microchip device

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