Chloroethanes and Chloroethylenes

Dreher, Eberhard-Ludwig; Beutel, Klaus K.; Myers, John D.; Lübbe, Thomas; Krieger, Shannon M.; Pottenger, Lynn H.

doi:10.1002/14356007.o06_o01.pub2

Cited by 22 publications

(31 citation statements)

References 84 publications

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“…• 1,2-Dichloroethene and 1,1,1-trichloroethane are not taken into account due to the ban under the Montreal Protocol [45].…”

Section: Product Imentioning

confidence: 99%

“…1,2-Dichloroethane (DCE) is used primarily for PVC production [45]. Previous investigations of this process by Ausfelder et al [9] have revealed some flexibility potential.…”

Section: 2-dichloroethanementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Previous investigations of this process by Ausfelder et al [9] have revealed some flexibility potential. The industrial production is carried out based on two reactions of ethene [45]:…”

Section: 2-dichloroethanementioning

confidence: 99%

“…A small storage tank might be available on-site to buffer small changes in production. The compressed chlorine is fed to a reactor to chlorinate ethene to DCE [45]. DCE production involves only one reactor and one separation step, which can also be directly performed in one apparatus if the reactor serves as reboiler for the column.…”

Section: Process Descriptionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Pure 1,2-dichloroethane is sufficiently stable up to 340 • C and is a liquid under ambient conditions [45]. It is categorised as a carcinogenic [48] and is flammable [45].…”

Section: Storagementioning

confidence: 99%

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Impact of the chlorine value chain on the demand response potential of the chloralkali process

et al. 2020

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Renewable sources of energy supply an increasing share to the electricity mix although they show much more fluctuations than conventional energy sources. Hence, net stability and availability represent very large challenges. Demand response can positively contribute to the solution of this issue as large electricity consumers adapt their consumption to the available electricity. In the past, chloralkali electrolysis has been suggested as such a large consumer. Unfortunately, its main product, chlorine, cannot be easily stored in large amounts, so that downstream processes have to operate based on a fluctuating feed. This work reviews the processes within the chlorine value chain, determines the most promising ones for flexibilisation based on their chlorine consumption, and analyses these processes in more detail to assign them to one of four flexibility categories. It is shown that 45 % of the theoretical potential could be used for demand response right away. Highlights: • A novel approach to evaluate the flexibility of chemical processes is proposed. • The flexibility potential of the whole chlorine value chain is assessed. • The chlorine-consuming processes relevant for demand response are identified. • Subsequent processes limit demand response potential of chloralkali process. • The dichloroethane and the chloroacetic acid route have the highest potential.

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“…• 1,2-Dichloroethene and 1,1,1-trichloroethane are not taken into account due to the ban under the Montreal Protocol [45].…”

Section: Product Imentioning

confidence: 99%

“…1,2-Dichloroethane (DCE) is used primarily for PVC production [45]. Previous investigations of this process by Ausfelder et al [9] have revealed some flexibility potential.…”

Section: 2-dichloroethanementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Previous investigations of this process by Ausfelder et al [9] have revealed some flexibility potential. The industrial production is carried out based on two reactions of ethene [45]:…”

Section: 2-dichloroethanementioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Process Descriptionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Pure 1,2-dichloroethane is sufficiently stable up to 340 • C and is a liquid under ambient conditions [45]. It is categorised as a carcinogenic [48] and is flammable [45].…”

Section: Storagementioning

confidence: 99%

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Impact of the chlorine value chain on the demand response potential of the chloralkali process

et al. 2020

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Chloromethanes

Ohligschläger¹,

Menzel²,

Kate³

et al. 2019

Ullmann's Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry

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Flexible and economical operation of chlor‐alkali process with subsequent polyvinyl chloride production

et al. 2021

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Demand response (DR) can compensate for imbalances in variable renewable energy supplies. This possibility is particularly interesting for electrochemical processes, due to their high energy intensity. To determine the technical feasibility and economic viability of DR, we chose the chlor-alkali process with subsequent polyvinyl chloride production, including intermediate storage for ethylene dichloride. We estimate the maximum possible cost savings of implementing load flexibility measures. A process model is set up to determine the system characteristic. Subsequent optimizations result in the facility's best possible dispatch depending on additional and minimum power load, storage volume, and cost of a load change. Real plant data are used to specify model parameters and validate the system characteristic and the plant dispatch. An economic evaluation reveals the economic advantages of efficiency and flexibility. The approach can be used to analyze the DR potential of other chlorine value chains or facilities with high electricity demand in general.

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Chloroethanes and Chloroethylenes

Cited by 22 publications

References 84 publications

Impact of the chlorine value chain on the demand response potential of the chloralkali process

Impact of the chlorine value chain on the demand response potential of the chloralkali process

Chloromethanes

Flexible and economical operation of chlor‐alkali process with subsequent polyvinyl chloride production

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