Chlorine partitioning near the polar vortex edge observed with ground-based FTIR and satellites at Syowa Station, Antarctica, in 2007 and 2011

Nakajima, H.; Murata, Isao; Nagahama, Yoshihiro; Akiyoshi, Hideharu; Saeki, Kosuke; Kinase, Takeshi; Takeda, Masanori; Tomikawa, Yoshihiro; Dupuy, É.; Jones, Nicholas

doi:10.5194/acp-20-1043-2020

Cited by 21 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 96 publications

(108 reference statements)

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“…The base period of the daily climatology used to create the anomalies is 1979-2017. The black and white contours show where average temperatures were at the formation threshold for nitric acid trihydrate (NAT) and water ice PSCs, respectively, evaluated assuming mixing ratios typical of the winter vortex of 6 ppbv and 4.5 ppmv for nitric acid and water vapour, respectively (Nakajima et al 2020).…”

Section: Determination Of Ozone Hole Metricsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Antarctic ozone hole during 2018 and 2019

Klekociuk

Tully

Krummel

et al. 2021

J. South. Hemisph. Earth Syst. Sci.

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While the Montreal Protocol is reducing stratospheric ozone loss, recent increases in some ozone depleting substance (ODS) emissions have been identified that may impact southern hemisphere climate systems. In this study, we discuss characteristics of the 2018 and 2019 Antarctic ozone holes using surface in situ, satellite and reanalysis data to gain a better understanding of recent ozone variability. These ozone holes had strongly contrasting characteristics. In 2018, the Antarctic stratospheric vortex was relatively stable and cold in comparison to most years of the prior decade. This resulted in a large and persistent ozone hole that ranked in the upper-tercile of metrics quantifying Antarctic ozone depletion. In contrast, strong stratospheric warming in the spring of 2019 curtailed the development of the ozone hole, causing it to be anomalously small and of similar size to ozone holes in the 1980s. As known from previous studies, the ability of planetary waves to propagate into the stratosphere at high latitudes is an important factor that influences temperatures of the polar vortex and the overall amount of ozone loss in any particular year. Disturbance and warming of the vortex by strong planetary wave activity were the dominant factors in the small 2019 ozone hole. In contrast, planetary wave disturbances to the vortex in the winter-spring of 2018 were much weaker than in 2019. These results increase our understanding of the impact of Montreal Protocol controls on ODS and the effects of Antarctic ozone on the southern hemisphere climate system.

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Section: Determination Of Ozone Hole Metricsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Antarctic ozone hole during 2018 and 2019

Klekociuk

Tully

Krummel

et al. 2021

J. South. Hemisph. Earth Syst. Sci.

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“…Combinations of such simultaneous remote sensing trace gas measurements allows us to track the chemical development of springtime ozone depletion (e.g. Mellqvist et al, 2002;Adams et al, 2013 andNakajima et al, 2020). The FTIR, Dobson and ChlOE1 datasets are available at the NDACC public repository: http://ftp.cpc.ncep.noaa.gov/ndacc/station/.…”

Section: Remote Sensing Of Trace Gasesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Additionally, renitrification increases gas phase HNO 3 assisting chlorine deactivation through formation of ClONO 2 (Douglass et al, 1995;Santee et al, 1995;Solomon et al, 2015;von Clarmann and Johansson, 2018). Readers are directed towards Douglass et al (1995) and Nakajima et al (2020) for succinct summaries of polar middle atmosphere chemistry.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evolution of observed ozone, trace gases, and meteorological variables over Arrival Heights, Antarctica (77.8°S, 166.7°E) during the 2019 Antarctic stratospheric sudden warming

Smale

Strahan

Querel

et al. 2021

Tellus B: Chemical and Physical Meteorology

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We use ground-based spectroscopic remote sensing measurements of the stratospheric trace gases O 3 , HCl, ClO, BrO, HNO 3 , NO 2 , OClO, ClONO 2 , N 2 O and HF, along with radiosonde profiles of temperature to track the springtime development of the 2019 ozone hole over Arrival Heights (77.8 S, 166.7 E, AHTS), Antarctica, during, and after, the 2019 stratospheric sudden warming (SSW) event. Both measurements and model simulations show that the 2019 SSW caused an extraordinarily warm stratosphere within the polar vortex, resulting in record low ozone depletion over AHTS. We also contrast the evolution of the 2019 ozone hole to that in 2002, which also had a major springtime SSW event.The SSW event started around 28 th August. By $17 th September, stratospheric temperatures inside the polar vortex over AHTS were $45 K higher than the climatological average. The SSW did not cause an en masse displacement of mid-latitude air over AHTS as in the 2002 SSW event. However, the increased temperatures did cause an unusually early reduction in polar stratospheric clouds, halting the denitrification early and leading to increased gas-phase HNO 3 and record high levels of NO 2 ('renoxification'). This caused the earliest observed deactivation of chlorine, returning all active chlorine into the chlorine reservoir species, HCl and ClONO 2 . The deactivation rate into HCl remained relatively unaffected by the SSW, whilst there was a dramatic increase in ClONO 2 formation. This chlorine deactivation pathway via ClONO 2 is typical of the Arctic and atypical for the Antarctic.At AHTS, record high levels of springtime ozone were observed. The measured ozone total column did not drop below 220 DU. Record high stratospheric temperatures persisted until 7 th October over AHTS. By 22 nd October, AHTS was not beneath the polar vortex. The polar vortex break-up date on 9 th November was one of the earliest observed.

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“…In 2007, a Bruker IFS-120M FTIR instrument was installed at Syowa Station by NIES and Tohoku University, in cooperation with the 48 th JARE members. Measurements using the FTIR at Syowa Station contributed to research related to stratospheric composition near the edge of the polar vortex during ozone hole evolution, due to its geographical location (Nakajima et al, 2020). As the station is a remote site in Antarctica, it is possible to observe the background atmosphere of the southern hemisphere which it is not influenced by local human activity.…”

Section: Antarctic Syowa Stationmentioning

confidence: 99%

First ground-based FTIR observations of HFC-23 at Rikubetsu, Japan, and Syowa Station, Antarctica

Takeda¹,

Nakajima²,

Murata³

et al. 2021

Preprint

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Abstract. We have developed a procedure for retrieving atmospheric abundances of HFC-23 (CHF3) with a ground-based Fourier transform infrared spectrometer (FTIR) and analysed the spectra observed at Rikubetsu, Japan (43.5° N, 143.8° E), and at Syowa Station, Antarctica (69.0° S, 39.6° E). The FTIR retrievals were carried out with the SFIT4 retrieval program, and the two spectral windows of 1138.5–1148.0 cm−1 and 1154.0–1160.0 cm−1 in the overlapping ν2 and ν5 vibrational-rotational transition bands of HFC-23 were used to avoid strong H2O absorption features. We considered O3, N2O, CH4, H2O, HDO, CFC-12 (CCl2F2), HCFC-22 (CHClF2), PAN (CH3C(O)OONO2), HCFC-141b (CH3CCl2F), and HCFC-142b (CH3CClF2) as interfering species. Vertical profiles of H2O, HDO, and CH4 are preliminarily retrieved with other independent spectral windows because these profiles may induce large uncertainties in the HFC-23 retrieval. Each HFC-23 retrieval has only one piece of vertical information with sensitivity to HFC-23 in the troposphere and the lower stratosphere. The retrieval errors mainly arise from the systematic uncertainties of the spectroscopic parameters used to obtain the HFC-23, H2O, HDO, and CH4 abundances. For comparison between FTIR-retrieved HFC-23 total columns and surface dry-air mole fractions provided by AGAGE (Advanced Global Atmospheric Gases Experiment), the FTIR-retrieved HFC-23 dry-air column-averaged mole fractions (XHFC-23) were calculated. The FTIR-retrieved XHFC-23 at Rikubetsu and Syowa Station have negative biases compared to AGAGE datasets. The trend derived from the FTIR-retrieved XHFC-23 data at Rikubetsu for December to February (DJF) data over the 1997–2010 period is 0.817 ± 0.087 ppt (parts per trillion) year−1, which is in good agreement with the trend derived from the annual global mean datasets of the AGAGE 12-box model for the same period (0.820 ± 0.011 ppt year−1). The trend of the FTIR-retrieved XHFC-23 data at Rikubetsu for DJF data over the 2007–2020 period is 0.894 ± 0.099 ppt year−1, which is smaller than the trend in the AGAGE in-situ measurements at Trinidad Head (41.1° N, 124.2° W) for the 2007–2019 period (0.984 ± 0.002 ppt year−1). The trend computed from the XHFC-23 datasets at Syowa Station over the 2007–2016 period is 0.823 ± 0.075 ppt year−1, which is consistent with that derived from the AGAGE in-situ measurements at Cape Grim (40.7° S, 144.7° E) for the same period (0.874 ± 0.002 ppt year−1). Although there are systematic biases on the FTIR-retrieved XHFC-23 at both sites, these results indicate that ground-based FTIR observations have the capability to monitor the trend of atmospheric HFC-23.

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Chlorine partitioning near the polar vortex edge observed with ground-based FTIR and satellites at Syowa Station, Antarctica, in 2007 and 2011

Abstract: We retrieved lower stratospheric vertical profiles of O 3

Cited by 21 publications

References 96 publications

The Antarctic ozone hole during 2018 and 2019

The Antarctic ozone hole during 2018 and 2019

Evolution of observed ozone, trace gases, and meteorological variables over Arrival Heights, Antarctica (77.8°S, 166.7°E) during the 2019 Antarctic stratospheric sudden warming

First ground-based FTIR observations of HFC-23 at Rikubetsu, Japan, and Syowa Station, Antarctica

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Chlorine partitioning near the polar vortex edge observed with ground-based FTIR and satellites at Syowa Station, Antarctica, in 2007 and 2011

Abstract: We retrieved lower stratospheric vertical profiles of O 3

Cited by 21 publications

References 96 publications

The Antarctic ozone hole during 2018 and 2019

The Antarctic ozone hole during 2018 and 2019

Evolution of observed ozone, trace gases, and meteorological variables over Arrival Heights, Antarctica &#x00028;77.8&#x000B0;S, 166.7&#x000B0;E&#x00029; during the 2019 Antarctic stratospheric sudden warming

First ground-based FTIR observations of HFC-23 at Rikubetsu, Japan, and Syowa Station, Antarctica

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Evolution of observed ozone, trace gases, and meteorological variables over Arrival Heights, Antarctica (77.8°S, 166.7°E) during the 2019 Antarctic stratospheric sudden warming