Chlorine Evolution at Highly Boron-Doped Diamond Electrodes

Ferro, Sergio; Battisti, Achille De; Duo, I.; Comninellis, Ch.; Haenni, W.; Perret, André

doi:10.1149/1.1393578

Cited by 148 publications

(92 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…In this way, it is also important remark that the equilibrium between the different forms of active chlorine in the electrolysis solution depends on the pH, temperature and concentration. 41,42 As can be observed in Figure 1 in Reference 41, the pH range where a high concentration of hypochlorite was observed ranged from 7.74 to 11.5. Therefore, during the OA oxidation at alkaline media (pH 10.3) the production and participation of hypochlorite can be considered.…”

Section: Electrochemical Oxidation Of Oxalic Acid In the Presence Of mentioning

confidence: 87%

Electrochemical oxidation of oxalic acid in the presence of halides at boron doped diamond electrode

Martínez‐Huitle¹,

Ferro²,

Reyna

et al. 2008

J. Braz. Chem. Soc.

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O objetivo deste trabalho é discutir a oxidação eletroquímica do ácido oxálico (AO), analisando a influência do NaCl e NaBr. Experimentos foram realizados em eletrodos de diamante dopados com boro (DDB), em meio alcalino. Eletrodos DDB têm uma baixa adsortividade superficial, portanto sua grande estabilidade frente à oxidação permite que a reação ocorra com reagentes e intermediários não adsorvidos. O processo é significativamente acelerado pela presença de sal de halogênio na solução; curiosamente, o processo mediado não depende da densidade de corrente aplicada. Com base nos resultados, o brometo foi selecionado como um mediador apropriado durante a oxidação de AO em DDB. Br -age primeiramente no volume da solução, com a formação de oxidantes fortes, enquanto a ação do Cl -mostrou melhoras mais baixas na oxidação do AO em BDD, com relação aos resultados relatados usando eletrodo de Pt. Finalmente, os parâmetros de eficiência de remoção e consumo de energia para a incineração eletroquímica de AO foram calculados.Aim of this work is to discuss the electrochemical oxidation of oxalic acid (OA), analyzing the influence of NaCl and NaBr. Experiments were carried out at boron-doped diamond (BDD) electrodes, in alkaline media. BDD electrodes have a poor superficial adsorptivity so their great stability toward oxidation allows the reaction to take place with reactants and intermediates in a non-adsorbed state. The process is significantly accelerated by the presence of a halogen salt in solution; interestingly, the mediated process does not depend on applied current density. Based on the results, bromide was selected as a suitable mediator during OA oxidation at BDD. Br -primarily acts in the volume of the solution, with the formation of strong oxidants; while Cl -action has shown lower improvements in the OA oxidation rate at BDD respect to the results reported using Pt electrode. Finally, the parameters of removal efficiency and energy consumption for the electrochemical incineration of OA were calculated.Keywords: indirect oxidation, mediators, oxalic acid, halides, boron doped diamond IntroductionElectrochemical treatment is one of the methods used for the removal of organic and inorganic impurities from water and waste water. Consequently, several research groups are attempting to use electrochemical methods as an effective method for detoxification of wastewaters containing biorefractory pollutants. [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8] The literature has shown that, the electrochemical oxidation represents an alternative in wastewater treatment, [6][7][8][9] and this process can be subdivided in two main categories: "Direct" and "Indirect" as schematized in Table 1. According to information in Table 1, while the electron transfer takes place between electrodes and decomposable species in direct electrochemical oxidation, indirect oxidation mainly uses electrochemically oxidized species as mediators for the destruction of organic compounds. Reactive and high-valent metal ions which are electrochemically generated from stable...

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Section: Electrochemical Oxidation Of Oxalic Acid In the Presence Of mentioning

confidence: 87%

Electrochemical oxidation of oxalic acid in the presence of halides at boron doped diamond electrode

Martínez‐Huitle¹,

Ferro²,

Reyna

et al. 2008

J. Braz. Chem. Soc.

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“…Direct synthetic reactions have been carried out, such as the production of ammonia, chlorine, Ag 2+ and peroxodisulfate. [70][71][72][73][74] Diamond has been tested in the oxidation of many organic compounds for wastewater treatment, and an extremely high current efficiency was obtained. [75][76][77][78] The low background currents on diamond lead to an improved signal-to background ratio as compared with glassy carbon.…”

Section: Electrochemistry Of Diamondmentioning

confidence: 99%

Boron doped diamond electrode for the wastewater treatment

Alfaro¹,

Ferro²,

Martínez‐Huitle³

et al. 2006

J. Braz. Chem. Soc.

142

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Os estudos sobre eletroquímica do diamante iniciaram-se há mais de quinze anos, com o primeiro artigo publicado nessa área, por Pleskov. Depois disso, pesquisas começaram no Japão, Estados Unidos, França, Suíssa e outros países, sendo que nos últimos anos o número de publicações aumentou consideravelmente. Filmes de diamante têm sido o objeto de aplicações e pesquisa fundamental em eletroquímica, abrindo um novo campo conhecido como eletroquímica de eletrodos de diamante. Aqui, nós apresentamos uma breve história e o processo de síntese de filme de diamante. O principal objetivo deste trabalho é resumir os resultados mais importantes em oxidação eletroquímica, usando-se eletrodos de diamante.Electrochemical studies of diamond were started more than fifteen years ago with the first paper on diamond electrochemistry published by Pleskov. After that, work started in Japan, United States of America, France, Switzerland and other countries. Over the last few years, the number of publications has increased considerably. Diamond films have been the subject of applications and fundamental research in electrochemistry, opening up a new branch known as the electrochemistry of diamond electrodes. Here, we first present a brief history and the process of diamond film synthesis. The principal objective of this work is to summarize the most important results in the electrochemical oxidation using diamond electrodes.

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“…less oxidant species other than chlorine present in the bulk), than the enhanced evolution of Cl 2 at this anode. Since at the Ti/ RuIrO 2 anode the oxygen evolution reaction (OER) takes place at lower potential this reaction is highly competitive with Cl 2 evolution, while in the case of Ti/SnO 2 -Sb, the overpotential for OER is so high that the oxidation of Cl À is kinetically favored (Ferro et al, 2000). A detrimental effect of Cl À and Br À ions can be expected for both RuIrO 2 and SnO 2 -Sb coatings.…”

Section: 3mentioning

confidence: 99%

Electrochemical degradation of the β-blocker metoprolol by Ti/Ru0.7Ir0.3O2 and Ti/SnO2-Sb electrodes

2011

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BioassaysHalogenated by-product Micropollutant a b s t r a c t Electrochemical oxidation has been proposed for the elimination of pesticides, pharmaceuticals and other organic micropollutants from complex waste streams. However, the detrimental effect of halide ion mediators and the generation of halogenated by-products in this process have largely been neglected thus far. In this study, we investigated the electrochemical oxidation pathways of the b-blocker metoprolol in reverse osmosis concentrate (ROC) from a water reclamation plant using titanium anodes coated with Ti/SnO 2 -Sb exhibited higher oxidizing power for the same applied specific electrical charge, the generation of large fractions of chloro-, chloro-bromo-and bromo derivatives was observed for both electrode coatings. However, degradation rates of metoprolol and its degradation products were generally higher for the Ti/SnO 2 -Sb anode. Chemical analyses of metoprolol and its by-products were complemented with bioanalytical tools in order to investigate their toxicity relative to the parent compound. Results of the bioluminescence inhibition test with Vibrio fischeri and the combined algae test with Pseudokirchneriella subcapitata indicated a substantial increase in non-specific toxicity of the reaction mixture due to the formed halogenated by-products, while the specific toxicity (inhibition of photosynthesis) remained unchanged. ª 2011 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. IntroductionThe unique ability of electrochemical processes to oxidize and/ or reduce organic compounds at controlled electrode potentials and using only electrons as reagents represents a great advantage over existing advanced oxidation processes (AOPs). Due to the generation of a variety of reactive oxygen species (ROS) at the anode (e.g. OH -, H 2 O 2 , O 2 , O 3 ), electrochemical oxidation is considered to be versatile and capable of oxidizing persistent organic micropollutants, nitrogen species and microorganisms (Comninellis et al., 2010). In recent years, there has been an increasing interest in applying electrochemical oxidation for the treatment of refractory waste streams such as landfill leachate and reverse osmosis concentrate (ROC) from water treatment processes (Anglada et al., 2009;Van Hege et al., 2004;Dialynas et al., 2008;Perez et al., 2010). Due to the high concentrations of organic contaminants, disposal of these streams represents a major problem as they require an on-site treatment. A v a i l a b l e a t w w w . s c i e n c e d i r e c t . c o m j o u r n a l h o m e p a g e : w w w . e l s e v i e r . c o m / l o c a t e / w a t r e s w a t e r r e s e a r c h 4 5 ( 2 0 1 1 ) 3 2 0 5 e3 2 1 40043-1354/$ e see front matter ª

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Chlorine Evolution at Highly Boron-Doped Diamond Electrodes

Cited by 148 publications

References 20 publications

Electrochemical oxidation of oxalic acid in the presence of halides at boron doped diamond electrode

Electrochemical oxidation of oxalic acid in the presence of halides at boron doped diamond electrode

Boron doped diamond electrode for the wastewater treatment

Electrochemical degradation of the β-blocker metoprolol by Ti/Ru0.7Ir0.3O2 and Ti/SnO2-Sb electrodes

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